Thoracic outlet syndrome is a very complex compression syndrome which, still, confuses a large number of healthcare professionals around the world. Every year a significant number of patients appear with a wide range of symptoms that are automatically attributed to other disorders and syndromes, which leads to long – term suffering of patients in the process of visiting various specialists and finding the real cause. Patients are often covinced that their condition is caused by psychosomatic reasons and this causes further frustrations and a frequent occurance of depression and anxiety, especially since the present symptoms greatly limit patients everyday activities. The reason for this is the poor understanding of the thoracic outlet syndrome and its occurence mechanisms among healthcare professionals and due to lack of objective criteria in providing an accurate diagnosis. A detailed search of the literature revealed only a few scientific papers and articles in the croatian language. The aim of this thesis is to present a detailed description of the thoracic outlet syndrome, its occurence mechanisms and various methods for rehabilitation which can help in its treatment, where the most important role is played by kinesitherapy. Thoracic outlet syndrome is thought to be an increasingly common problem today when taken into account the increasingly dominant sedentary lifestyle that consequently created bad postural mechanisms already in childhood. Therefore, it is extremely important to increase awereness of the occurrence of this syndrome and lead to comprehensive diagnostic criteria which will contribute to a clear differentiation of Thoracic outlet syndrome.