In contact sports, such as football, handball and basketball, in sports that require many jumps and landings, such as basketball and volleyball, and in sports whose courts are made of different materials and therefore have different friction, such as tennis- acute ankle joint injury is the most common injury and represents between 10 and 30 percent of all recorded musculoskeletal injuries occuring on sports fields. Ankle joint injury occurs during the movement of uncontrolled eversion and inversion of the foot. In addition, 75 percent of all ankle injuries are defined as ankle sprains, which can cause chronic problems in 40 percent of cases, due to poor rehabilitation protocol. The aim of this thesis is to describe the epidemiology, risk factors and the mechanism of ankle ligament injuries in sports, and to develop specific kinesitherapy program for prevention and rehabilitation of described injuries. The degree of ligament injury is determined through the anamnesis, diagnostic examination and ligament scaning (radigraph, MRI). Grade I is a mild stretching of the ligament, grade II is a partial rupture of the ligament, and grade III is a complete rupture of the ligament. Conservative or operative treatment depends on severity of the injury. For the athlete, the primary goal of the treatment is to progressively return to the same or higher level of performance than before the injury occured, while avoiding eventual chronic ankle problems and re-injuries.