Injuries of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are relatively common in basketball and they are usually severe, ie they require surgical reconstruction of the ligament and long-term recovery. There are a number of risk factors, some of which can be addressed through appropriate preventive measures. The aim of this thesis is to review the world literature and give a critical review of research that addresses the problem of prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in basketball. The structure and function of the knee and the anterior cruciate ligament, as well as the mechanisms and risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury will are presented. Due to significance and influence on performance, but also on psychological and even economic repercussions of anterior cruciate ligament injury, and the lack of specific prevention program, an additional goal is to present a practical example of a training program for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in basketball players. The mentioned risk factors and the specifics of basketball are taken into account, and the emphasis is put on features of the neuromuscular system that are most important in the prevention of ACL injury.