Basketball is a dynamic sport that requires speed and explosiveness but also carries a significant risk of injury, especially to the lower extremities, including ankle and knee injuries. Therefore, preserving the health of athletes must be a priority in every training program, which should carefully consider potential risks. The aim of this review was to systematically review the literature to determine which preventive programs are effective in reducing prevalent injuries in basketball. The review utilized the following scientific databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane database. Out of a total of 313 collected studies, 84 were randomized controlled trials, of which 8 were duplicates. Subsequently, a review of titles and abstracts followed, eliminating 65 studies that did not meet the specified criteria. In the final step of selection, 15 studies were fully reviewed, and 7 + 1 articles met the selection criteria. The study participants consisted of basketball players of various age groups, ranging from cadets to seniors. The results of the review suggest that proprioceptive training is effective in preventing all forms of ankle sprains in senior, junior, and cadet populations among both men and women. Neuromuscular training potentially can reduce the incidence of general lower extremity injuries in male senior basketball players.