This thesis examines the presence of transgender people in the sports system throughout history. The key moments and events that shaped the regulation of their participation in competitions are presented. With the entry into the 21st century and accelerated globalization, there has been an increase in awareness of the existence of different gender identities, and Western-oriented society is in the process of fully accepting and integrating transgender people into society. In the world of sports, there are opponents to the acceptance of transgender people in competitive sports because of the morphological advantages that transgender women have compared to their rivals. In the 21st century, the process of globalization accelerated, and people's awareness of the existence of different gender identities increased. Western society tries to accept transgender people and integrate them into society. In the sports world, there has been opposition to accepting transgender people in competitive sports because transgender women have an advantage over their competitors. The aim of this paper was to analyze and explain the issue of gender in sport from the perspective of sociology. Emphasis is placed on the phenomenon of transgender. The International Olympic Committee's initial resistance to women's athletics resulted in the creation of a special women's Olympic Games, but the door gradually opened for women's athletics within the Olympic Games. Over the years, gender testing has evolved from medical confirmations to cheek swabs and DNA testing. Although gender testing is no longer mandatory, regulations remain, especially regarding testosterone levels in female athletes. Cases of transgender athletes who found themselves in scandalous situations are also shown. updates the debate on the rights and participation of transgender people in sports. This paper highlights the importance of a delicate balance between ensuring equal rights for all athletes and maintaining fairness in competitions.