The goal of this thesis is to familiarize the reader with the basic attributes of autism, specific details which characterize an autistic person, reasons for that particular, and similar disorders together with principles and methods which contribute to health – primarily mental health - improvement of the autism patient. This thesis puts special emphasis on neurobiofeedback, a modern therapeutic method of autism treatment, whose effects unfortunately still aren't completely familiar. However, some studies have already confirmed a potentially positive effect of neurobiofeedback treatment in patients with autistic spectrum disorders. Theoretic bases and scientific research, which is given in this comprehensive thesis closely describe the neurobiofeedback treatment in an autism patient therapy, together with different classifications, instructions for treatment procedure itself as well as other fields of this specific treatment application. This thesis is divided into several parts. The introduction shortly describes two basic terms – autism and neurobiofeedback. Following chapters elaborate those key terms separately and in detail, followed by the part that describes the application of this medical method in the before mentioned disorder treatment. The final part consists of the complete thesis overview, including the author's personal standpoint.