| Abstract | Teškoće u razvoju su stanja koja ometaju dječji napredak i zahtijevaju posebne pristupe. Djeca s teškoćama u razvoju imaju probleme koji utječu na njihov svakodnevni život i razvoj, kao što su mentalna retardacija, tjelesne teškoće, problemi u ponašanju i poteškoće u učenju. U Hrvatskoj se svake godine rodi oko četiri tisuće djece koja su u riziku od razvojnih odstupanja, a trenutno živi više od 32 000 djece s invaliditetom i većim teškoćama u razvoju. Ove poteškoće često dovode do zaostajanja u razvoju i stvaraju izazove za roditelje i skrbnike. Identifikacija djece s teškoćama u razvoju obično se provodi kroz testiranje, promatranje i razgovor s djetetom i roditeljima. Za poticanje njihovog psihofizičkog razvoja potrebni su posebni odgojni postupci, rana intervencija, individualni rad s djetetom, suradnja roditelja i odgajatelja te psihološko praćenje. Nažalost, u Hrvatskoj usluge rane intervencije nisu pravovremeno i jednako dostupne svim djeci kojima su potrebne. Dostupnost usluga ovisi o području u kojem dijete živi, broju stručnjaka i suradnji među njima. Ovaj sažetak se posebno fokusira na djecu s intelektualnim i tjelesnim poteškoćama, kao i na poremećaje iz spektra autizma, cerebralnu paralizu, Downov sindrom i ADHD. Obitelji djece s intelektualnim poteškoćama suočavaju se s financijskim, emocionalnim i socijalnim stresom. Pristup odgovarajućim uslugama podrške često je izazovan, a obitelji se suočavaju s birokratskim preprekama i dugim listama čekanja. Djeca s Downovim sindromom imaju posebne potrebe i zahtijevaju rane terapije i podršku. Obitelji se suočavaju s financijskim teretom zbog troškova terapija, medicinske skrbi i specijalnog obrazovanja. Skrbnici, najčešće majke, preuzimaju veliku odgovornost za skrb i podršku, što može utjecati na njihovo zdravlje i dobrobit. Unatoč tim izazovima, većina roditelja traži rane intervencije koje će poboljšati zdravlje i kvalitetu života djeteta s Downovim sindromom. |
| Abstract (english) | Developmental disabilities are conditions that impede children's progress and require special approaches. Children with developmental disabilities face challenges that affect their daily life and development, such as intellectual disabilities, physical impairments, behavioral problems, and learning difficulties. In Croatia, approximately four thousand children at risk of developmental deviations are born each year, and there are currently over 32,000 children with disabilities and significant developmental difficulties. These challenges often lead to developmental delays and create challenges for parents and caregivers. The identification of children with developmental disabilities is usually done through testing, observation, and conversations with the child and parents. Special educational methods, early intervention, individual work with the child, parent-teacher collaboration, and psychological monitoring are necessary to promote their psychophysical development. Unfortunately, early intervention services in Croatia are not timely and equally accessible to all children in need. The availability of services depends on the area where the child lives, the number of professionals, and collaboration among them. This summary specifically focuses on children with intellectual and physical disabilities, as well as autism spectrum disorders, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and ADHD. Families of children with intellectual disabilities face financial, emotional, and social stress. Access to appropriate support services is often challenging, and families encounter bureaucratic obstacles and long waiting lists. Children with Down syndrome have special needs and require early therapies and support. Families face financial burdens due to the costs of therapies, medical care, and special education. Caregivers, often mothers, assume a significant responsibility for care and support, which can impact their health and well-being. Despite these challenges, most parents seek early interventions that will improve the health and quality of life of children with Down syndrome. |
