| Abstract | Skok u vis atletska je disciplina koja za cilj ima preskok horizontalno postavljane letvice na što većoj visini. Četiri faze skoka u vis su: zalet, odraz, prelazak preko letvice i doskok. Faza odraza često se u literaturi navodi kao ključna za uspješnost u ovoj disciplini. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi utjecaj umora na kinematičke parametre u skoku u vis. Uzorak ispitanika u ovom istraživanju bio je jedan vrhunski hrvatski skakač u vis. Provedena su 2 mjerenja kinematičkih parametara, jedno kada je ispitanik bio odmoran te drugo koje je provedeno nakon dvodnevnog natjecanja kada je kod ispitanika bila povećana razina umora. Stanje umora provjereno je skokom s pripremom te Wellness upitnikom. Ispitanik je tijekom istraživanja izvodio skokove na skakalištu skoka u vis koji su snimani dvjema kamerama. Nakon toga, skokovi su analizirani u programu Kinovea. Istraživanjem su utvrđene razlike u kinematičkim parametrima između inicijalnog i finalnog testiranja za varijable kut koljena na početku odraza (KKPO (p=0,01)), kut koljena na kraju odraza (KKKO (p=0,05)), nagib tijela na početku odraza (NTPO (p=0,01)), nagib tijela na kraju odraza (NTKO (p=0,03)), kut koljena na punom stopalu početak odraza (AMK1 (p=0,05)) i amortizacija koljena (AMK (p=0,01)). Utvrđene su razlike i između uspješnih i neuspješnih skokova za varijable KKPO (p=0,01), KKKO (p=0,05), NTPO (p=0,01) i AMK1 (p=0,04). Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su kako postoji statistički značajna povezanost umora s testiranim kinematičikm parametrima. Utvrđena je povezanost sRPE-e-a s parametrima KKPO (r= 0,61, p=0,01), NTPO (r=0,69, p=0,00) i NTKO (r=0,60, p=0,01). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na važnost pravilnog planiranja i programiranja treninga i usmjeravanje na one trenažne operatore koji pomažu u optimizaciji izvedbe testiranih segmenata skoka, a sve u svrhu što kasnije pojave umora koji utječe na kinematičke parametre pa tako i na uspješnost izvedbe. |
| Abstract (english) | High jump is an athletic discipline whose goal is to jump over a horizontal bar at the highest possible height. The four phases of the high jump are approach, take-off, crossing the bar and landing. The take-off phase is often said to be the key to success in this discipline. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of fatigue on the kinematic parameters in the high jump. The sample of respondents in this research was a top Croatian high jumper. There were two measurements of kinematic parameters carried out, one when the subject was rested and the other, which was carried out after a two-day competition when the subject had an increased level of fatigue. The state of fatigue was checked by counter movement jump and the Wellness questionnaire. During the research, the examinee performed jumps, which were recorded by two cameras. After that, the jumps were analyzed in the Kinovea program. The research determined differences in kinematic parameters between the initial and final testing for the variables knee angle at the beginning of the take-off (KKPO (p=0.01)), knee angle at the end of the take-off (KKKO (p=0.05)), body inclination at the beginning of take-off (NTPO (p=0.01)), body inclination at the end of take-off (NTKO (p=0.03)), knee angle at full foot at the beginning of take-off (AMK1 (p=0.05)) and knee amortization (AMK) (p=0.01)). Differences were found between successful and unsuccessful jumps for the variables KKPO (p=0.01), KKKO (p=0.05), NTPO (p=0.01) and AMK1 (p=0.04). The results of this research showed that there is a statistically significant correlation between fatigue and the tested kinematic parameters. The association of SRPe with the parameters KKPO (r=0,61, p=0.01), NTPO (r=0,69, p=0.00) and NTKO (r=0,60, p=0.01) was established. The obtained results point to the importance of proper planning and programming of training and targeting those training operators which help in optimizing the performance of the tested jump segments, all for the purpose of the later appearance of fatigue, which affects the kinematic parameters and thus the success of the performance. |
