| Abstract | Redovita tjelesna aktivnost, kvalitetna prehrana i odgovarajući san mogu spriječiti nezdravo debljanje i povezane kronične bolesti kod djece mlađe dobi. Glavni cilj istraživanja bio je analizirati povezanost tjelesnog aktiviteta djece mlađe dobi, njihovih prehrambenih i spavalačkih navika s nekim antropološkim, ali i sociološkim obilježjima njihovih roditelja. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 82 ispitanika u dobi od 2. do 4. godine života, članova Centra za motorički razvoj i Akademskog Gimnastičkog Kluba Stellae iz Splita. U istraživanje su bila uključena djeca koja nisu imala nikavih zdravstvenih poteškoća i znatnijih motoričkih poremećaja, a koja su dva puta tjedno u trajanju od ukupno 90 minuta bila uključena u programe ovih udruga. Uzorak varijabli predstavljala su tri anketna upitnika: 1) Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire (FEAHQ-R) - revidirani upitnik obiteljskih navika prehrane i aktivnosti (Golan i Weizman, 1998); 2) Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CHSQ) - upitnik o navikama spavanja djece – skraćena verzija (Owens, Spirito i McGuinn, 2000); 3) Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) – upitnik tjelesnog aktiviteta (Montoye i sur., 1996). Isti su prevedeni na hrvatski jezik od licenciranog prevoditelja i ujedinjeni u jedan zajednički upitnik. Upitnik je bio postavljen na Google obrascu, a roditeljima je poslan link putem kojeg su upitnik ispunili. Roditeljima je dano 15 dana za ispunjavanje upitnika. Pomoću četiri regresijske analize promatran je utjecaj skupa prediktora na zajednički kriterij, koji je u svim analizama predstavljao BMI djece. Prediktori su redom bili: skup antropoloških, prehrambenih i socioloških obilježja majke, skup antropoloških, prehrambenih i socioloških obilježja oca, fizički aktivitet i sedentarno ponašanje djeteta te prehrambene i spavalačke navike djeteta. Rezultati pokazuju kako, prvo, antropološka obilježja majki i očeva, kao ni fizička aktivnost i sedentarna ponašanja djece, nisu se pokazala kao značajni prediktori BMI-a, što je neočekivano s obzirom na postojeće dokaze o važnosti tjelesne aktivnosti i roditeljskog utjecaja na djetetovu težinu. Međutim, značajni prediktori BMI-a kod djece bili su povezani s prehrambenim i spavalačkim navikama, uključujući obiteljske odlaske u restorane, skladištenje nezdravih grickalica i slatkiša kod kuće, kao i određene spavalačke obrasce poput škripanja zubima i samoinicijativnog buđenja. Zaključno, intervencije usmjerene na smanjenje dječje pretilosti trebale bi obuhvatiti ne samo fizičku aktivnost, već i prehrambene i spavalačke navike, s posebnim naglaskom na obiteljsku dinamiku i kontrolu dostupnosti nezdrave hrane u kućanstvu. |
| Abstract (english) | Regular physical activity, quality nutrition, and adequate sleep can prevent unhealthy weight gain and related chronic diseases in young children. The main objective of the study was to analyze the relationship between the physical activity of young children, their dietary and sleep habits, and certain anthropological, as well as sociological characteristics of their parents. The research was conducted on a sample of 82 participants aged 2 to 4 years, who were members of the Center for Motor Development and the Academic Gymnastics Club Stellae from Split. The study included children who had no health issues or significant motor disorders, and who participated in these organizations' programs twice a week for a total of 90 minutes. The variable sample was represented by three survey questionnaires: 1) Family Eating and Activity Habits Questionnaire (FEAHQ-R) - revised family eating and activity habits questionnaire (Golan & Weizman, 1998); 2) Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CHSQ) - a shortened version of the children's sleep habits questionnaire (Owens, Spirito & McGuinn, 2000); 3) Netherlands Physical Activity Questionnaire (NPAQ) – physical activity questionnaire (Montoye et al., 1996). These were translated into Croatian by a licensed translator and combined into a single unified questionnaire. The questionnaire was made available on Google Forms, and a link was sent to parents who completed it. Parents were given 15 days to complete the questionnaire. Four regression analyses were used to observe the impact of the predictor set on the common criterion, which in all analyses was the children's BMI. The predictors were as follows: a set of anthropological, dietary, and sociological characteristics of the mother; a set of anthropological, dietary, and sociological characteristics of the father; the child’s physical activity and sedentary behavior; and the child’s dietary and sleep habits. The results show that, firstly, the anthropological characteristics of mothers and fathers, as well as the children’s physical activity and sedentary behaviors, did not prove to be significant predictors of BMI, which is unexpected given the existing evidence on the importance of physical activity and parental influence on a child's weight. However, significant predictors of children's BMI were associated with dietary and sleep habits, including family outings to restaurants, storing unhealthy snacks and sweets at home, and certain sleep patterns such as teeth grinding and self-initiated waking. In conclusion, interventions aimed at reducing childhood obesity should encompass not only physical activity but also dietary and sleep habits, with a particular focus on family dynamics and controlling the availability of unhealthy food in the household. |
