Abstract | Sport kao ponajprije fizička aktivnost ima pozitivne fiziološke zdravstvene učinke na ljudsko tijelo, međutim važno je naglasiti kako je bavljenje istim u profesionalnom smislu udvostručilo učestalost nastanka ozljeda kroz zadnja tri desetljeća. Prenaporni treninzi, pretreniranost te pre veliki zahtjevi na organizam koji uvelike prelaze fiziološke kapacitete tijela, dovode do ozljede koju nadalje opisujem u radu, a ujedno su rezultirali sve učestalije povezivanje sportaša s ozljedama, a manje sa zdravljem. Ozljeda prednjeg križnog ligamenta (lig.cruciatum anterius) opasna je, a njeno liječenje komplicirano i zahtjevno. Napretkom medicine otkriveni su novi načini rekonstrukcije rupture ACL-a preko tetive m. semitendinosusa, što čini jednostavniji i sigurniji proces operacije. Iz tog razloga sve više ljudi odlučuje za kirurške metode liječenja, ali sam proces postoperativne rehabilitacije i dalje je dugotrajan. Prema nekih statističkim podatcima ruptura prednjeg križnog ligamenta jedna je od najčešćih ozljeda koljena, s učestalošću od približno 85 na 10 000 osoba u dobi između 16 i 39 godina. Kako je već navedeno razlog toga kod profesionalnih sportaša je pretreniranost, sindromi prenaprezanja ili pre veliko opterećenje koje se postavlja na cijeli organizam, a kod rekreativaca je to posljedica nedovoljne pripremljenost. Iz ovih razloga odlučila sam se obraditi temu ˝Rehabilitacija poslije operacije prednje križne sveze˝, kako bi sebi i drugima mogla pobliže opisat zahtjevnost iste kao i proces rehabilitacije. Rehabilitacija se dijeli na preoperativnu i postoperativnu fazu liječenja, ukupno traje 6 mjeseci, oporavak se velikim dijelom sastoji od kineziterapjie. Nerijetko, deficiti mišićne snage mogu se osjetiti čak i do 3 godine nakon ozljede, a što se tiče ostalih deficita, narušene su statička, dinamička stabilnost zgloba zbog oštećenih proprioceptivnih signala u zglobu. |
Abstract (english) | Even though sport as a physical activity has positive physiological health effects on the human body, it is important to emphasize that the number of injuries in pro athletes caused by doing sports professionally has doubled in last 3 decades. Training too strenuously, the overtraining syndrome, as well as pushing the organism to its physiological limits can all lead to the injury that I further describe, which is the main reason why more and more people associate sports with injuries, instead of health. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury can be dangerous, and its treatment is complicated and challenging. With the advancement of medicine, new ways of ACL rupture reconstruction via the semitendinosus tendon have been developed, making the surgical process simpler and safer. For this reason, more people are opting for surgical treatment methods, but the postoperative rehabilitation process still remains long and tiring. According to some statistical data, ACL rupture is one of the most fragment knee injuries, affecting around 85 in 10,000 individuals aged 16 to 39 years. As it mentioned above, the reason for this injury in professional athletes are mainly training too hard, overuse syndromes, or excessive stress placed on the entire body, while in recreational athletes, it is the result of insufficient preparedness. For these reasons, I have chosen the topic "Rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament surgery," in order to describe the complexity of the surgery as well as the rehabilitation process to myself and others. Within rehabilitation three are two phases, the preoperative and postoperative phase of treatment, the whole process takes about six months and mainly consists of kinesiotherapy. Muscle deficits can be felt up to three years after the injury. As for other deficits, the static and dynamic stability of the joint are compromised due to damaged proprioceptive signals in the joint. |