Title Izokinetičko testiranje snage i izdržljivosti u predikciji ozljeđivanja ramenog zgloba kod vaterpolista i plivača : doktorska disertacija
Author Dinko Pivalica
Mentor Šimun Anđelinović (mentor)
Mentor Jadranka Tocilj (sumentor)
Committee member Damir Sekulić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Jadranka Tocilj (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Katarina Vilović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Hrvoje Karninčić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Goran Gabrilo (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Split Faculty of Kinesiology Split
Defense date and country 2014-03-13, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Kinesiology Kinesiotherapy and Adapted Physical Activity
Universal decimal classification (UDC ) 796/799 - Sport
Thesaurus (NSK Kontrolirani rječnik)
Vaterpolisti
Ozljede
Abstract Vaterpolo je jedan od najstarijih kolektivnih sportova, a još se od samih početaka modernih
olimpijskih igara ubraja među olimpijske sportove. Tokom niza godina, pravila ovog sporta su se
modificirala i mijenjala način igre što je dovelo do promjene u pristupu kod samog treninga. S
kineziološkog stajališta, vaterpolo je poli-strukturalni kompleksni sport s velikom zastupljenošću
cikličkih i acikličkih kretnji odgovarajućih struktura pri čemu se posebno ističe rameni zglob. Uslijed
velikih opterećenja ramenog zgloba, dolazi i do pojave bolnog osjeta. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je
utvrditi postoji li povezanost vanjskih i unutarnjih rotatora (UVR) s učestalošću ozljeda ramena u
vaterpolo sportu. Ujedno, željela se utvrditi pouzdanost i stabilnost izokinetičkog mjerenja ramenog
zgloba te se željelo utvrditi postoje li značajne razlike u omjeru UVR-a kod vaterpolista u odnosu na
plivače i kontrolnu skupinu zdravih pojedinaca. U tu svrhu, rađeno je standardizirano dvobrzinsko
testiranje na izokinetičkom stroju Cybex 300. U testu je sudjelovalo 100 pojedinaca koji su podijeljeni
u tri skupine. Prvu skupinu sačinjavali su vrhunski vaterpolisti, članovi Prve regionalne vaterpolo lige.
Drugu skupinu činilo je 25 pojedinaca, plivača klubova nacionalne lige, a treću, kontrolnu, skupinu
činilo je 25 zdravih pojedinaca koji nisu profesionalni sportaši te koji po dobi i spolu odgovaraju
ispitivanim skupinama.Na osnovu provedenog istraživanja, zaključuje se kako je izokinetički
dinamometar pouzdan mjerni instrument za mjerenje snage i izdržljivosti mišićnih skupina. Prilikom
mjerenja ovim instrumentom, posebnu je pažnju potrebno posvetiti pravilnom pozicioniranju
ispitanika te se treba pridržavati protokola testa kako bi se osiguralo da mjerenje bude
standardizirano. Nepridržavanje pravila generira pogreške koje navode na krive zaključke, što je
posebno izraženo kod ramenog zgloba koji je zbog svoje građe podložniji pogreškama mjerenja.
Dobiveni rezultati na izokinetičkom mjernom stroju pokazuju kako postoji značajna razlika u mišićnoj
sili vanjskih i unutarnjih rotatora kod vaterpolista u odnosu na ostale dvije promatrane skupine.
Promatranjem mišićne sile vanjskih rotatora dominantne ruke, kod vaterpolista i plivača nije
pronađena statistički značajna razlika u ostvarenoj snazi. Da je spomenuto posljedica opterećenja
koje se javlja pri plivanju, potvrđuje i opažanje kako se razlika dviju spomenutih skupina u odnosu na
kontrolnu skupinu zdravih pojedinaca pokazala statistički značajnom. Što se tiče ostvarene mišićne
sile kod mišića koji izvode unutarnju rotaciju, pronađena je statistički značajna razlika između skupine
vaterpolista i plivača. Vrijednosti vanjskih rotatora nedominantne ruke u testu pod kutnom brzinom
od 60 stupnjeva po sekundi značajno su veće kod skupine vaterpolista u odnosu na kontrolnu
skupinu, ali ne i u odnosu na ispitivanu skupinu plivača. Promatrane vrijednosti ostvarene mišićne sile
unutarnjih rotatora nedominantne ruke u testu pod kutnom brzinom od 60 stupnjeva po sekundi,
značajno se razlikuju između vaterpolista i kontrolne skupine, dok između skupina vaterpolista i
plivača ne postoji značajna razlika. Postoji promjena omjera antagonističkih skupina mišića, tj. omjer
unutarnjih i vanjskih rotatora dominantnog ramena kod skupine vaterpolista u odnosu na skupinu
plivača i kontrolnu skupinu. Nije dokazana direktna veza ozljede i izokinetičkih parametara izuzev
pozicija beka i centra gdje je statistički dokazana povezanost između poremećenog omjera
dominantne ruke, ali u kombinaciji s dobi.
Abstract (english) Water polo is one of the largest collective sport which has been considered an Olympic sport since
the early beginnings of the modern Olympic Games. Throughout the course of years, its rules have
changed in such a way that led to a change in the training process. From a kinesiology point of view,
water polo is a complex sport with a large presence of cyclic and acyclic movements for which the
shoulder joint is most prominent. Due to large load, the shoulder joint is frequently pained. The
purpose of this research was to determine whether there’s a connection between the internal and
external rotators (UVR) and the frequency of shoulder injury in water polo. In addition, the study was
to establish whether there is a strong reliability on isokinetic tests of the shoulder joint as well as
whether there are differences in the UVR ratio when comparing water polo players with swimmers
and healthy individuals. With said intent, a standardised two-speed testing was conducted on an
isokinetic device Cybex 300. There were 100 participants in the test, all of which were divided into
three groups. The first group was constituted of professional water polo players of the Croatian
National First League. The second group consisted of 25 individuals, swimmers of the Croatian
National League, while the third group was constituted of 25 healthy individuals who weren’t
professional athletes and were of gender and age as the athletes. On the basis of the concluded
study, a conclusion can be made that the isokinetic dynamometer is a reliable instrument in
measuring the force and endurance of different muscle groups. While preforming tests on such
devices, much caution is required due to the fact that the wrong posture of the participant as well as
not following protocol can lead to wrong results. This is especially expressed when testing the
shoulder joint which is submissive to such errors because of its structure. The obtained results show
that there exists a statistically significant difference in the muscle power of the internal and external
muscle rotators in water polo players compared to the other two research groups. While observing
the muscle force of the external rotators of the dominant hand, no statistically significant difference
was found when comparing the produced strength of the group of water polo players and the group
of swimmers. However, the control group which consisted of healthy individuals did show a
significant difference in the produced strength compared to the two aforementioned groups, which
leads us to the conclusion that the difference is caused by intensive swimming present in both
swimmer’s training and water polo player’s training. As far as internal rotator muscles are concerned,
a statistically significant difference was found when comparing the swimmers’ group and water polo
players’ group. The values for the external rotators of the subdominant hand obtained in a test with
an angular velocity of 60 units of an angle per second were much higher for the water polo players
compared with the control group, but were not much different from the values of the swimmers. The
values for the internal rotators of the subdominant hand obtained in a test with an angular velocity
of 60 units of an angle per second were different for the water polo players’ group and the control
group, but there wasn’t a significant difference with the water polo players’ values in comparison
with the swimmers’ values. The results have shown that there is a difference in the ratio of the
antagonistic muscle groups; that is the internal and external rotators of the dominant hand of water
polo players in comparison to other tested groups. A direct connection between the isokinetic
parameters and injury was not found, except in the case of ‘beka’ and ‘centra’ where a statistically
significant relationship between the injury and disrupted ratio was found, but taking age into
consideration.
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:221:320549
Promotion 2020
Study programme Title: University postgraduate doctoral study of Kinesiology Study programme type: university Study level: postgraduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje društvenih znanosti, polje kineziologija (doktor/doktorica znanosti, područje društvenih znanosti, polje kineziologija)
Type of resource Text
Extent 106 str.
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2017-05-08 12:03:52