| Abstract | Pregledom literature utvrđeno je da ne postoje longitudinalna istraživanja koja se bave
proučavanjem cjelokupne karijere sportaša. U ovome radu naglasak je stavljen na postsportsku
karijeru te samu problematiku koja se javlja prestankom aktivnog bavljenja sportom.
Prvi dio rada opisuje tri kategorije (kulturalne dimenzije, sustav blagostanja te društvenoekonomsku situaciju)
povezane sa sportskom mirovinom. Drugi dio rada opisuje tri mezo kategorije (elitni sportski sustav,
dualno okruženje te karijerske programe) povezane sa sportskom mirovinom. U trećem dijelu opisane su
karakteristike individualca, okruženja kao i razlozi prekida sportske karijere. Zanimljivo je vidjeti načine
na koje se uspješne elitne sportaše slavi u pojedinim zemljama pa se postavlja pitanje: jesu li elitni sportaši
posebne osobe kojima je potreban drugačiji tretman? Istraživanja upućuju da se proces umirovljenja
povezuje sa smanjenjem kontrole, sniženim samopoštovanjem i općim smanjenjem
zadovoljstva u životu. Sportaši na vrhunskoj razini nisu imuni na negativne posljedice
umirovljenja, dapače, podložniji su traumama prilikom umirovljenja. Autori prikazuju
depresivnost i anksioznost kao česte pojave prilikom privikavanja na prijelaz iz aktivnog
bavljenja sportom u sportsku mirovinu. Odluka profesionalnog sportaša da ode u sportsku
mirovinu može biti višestrana, međutim tri kategorije (umirovljenje vezano uz dob,
umirovljenje vezano uz ozljede te umirovljenje kao aktivna odluka) se spominju kao
najčešće. Švicarski model koji nudi karijersko savjetovanje sportašima (koji su aktivni,
umirovljeni ili u postupku umirovljenja) te podršku u pronalasku pripravništva ili posla, čini
se vrlo mudar način rješavanje tranzicije nakon završene sportske karijere. S druge strane,
danski model koji se temelji na stvaranju obrazovnih mogućnosti kako bi elitni sportaši mogli
kombinirati akademsku i sportsku karijere čini se najprimjereniji. Opći sustav blagostanja te
snažna ideja jednakosti po pitanju blagostanja preslikala se i na sport. Mnogi pozitivni
primjeri izneseni u ovom radu mogu biti vodilja hrvatskom modelu u rješavanju problematike
tranzicije profesionalnih sportaša iz vrhunskog sporta u njihovu drugu karijeru. |
| Abstract (english) | By reviewing the literature, it has been found that there are no longitudinal researches dealing
with the study of the entire career of athletes. In this paper, the emphasis is placed on the
post-sports career and the issues that may occur after the end of an active sport career. First
part of the paper describes three categories (cultural dimensions, welfare system and socioeconomic situation)
related to the sport retirement. The second part of the paper describes three mezzo categories
(elite sport system, dual environment and career programs) related to the sport retirement.
The third part describes the characteristics of the individual, its environment, as well as reasons
for the end of an active career.It is interesting to see the patterns through which successful
and elite athletes are celebrated in certain countries, so the question arises: are elite athletes’ special
people which need different treatment? This research suggests that the process of retirement is
commonly related and very often generates decreased control, lowered self-esteem and general
decrease in life satisfaction of an elite athlete. Top-level athletes are not immune to negative impacts
of retirement, on the contrary, they are more prone to traumas during retirement. The authors present
depression and anxiety as common traits that might emerge during transition period, namely leaving
the active sport and entering into sport retirement. The decision of a professional athlete to retire can be
caused by various reason, however three categories (retirement related to age, retirement
related to injuries and retirement as an active decision) are mentioned as the most common.
The Swiss model, which offers career counseling to athletes (who are active, retired or in the
process of retiring) and support in finding an internship or job, seems to be a very wise way
to solve the transition after the end of a sports career.On the other hand, the Danish model
based on creating educational opportunities so that elite athletes can combine academic and
sports careers seems to be the most appropriate one. The general welfare system, and the
strong idea of equality in terms of well-being is also applicable to the sport. Many positive
examples presented in this paper can be used as a guidance for the Croatian model, especially
in solving the problem of transition of professional athletes from the elite sports to their
second career. |
