neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer disease, Parkinson’s disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, frontotemporal dementia, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington disease, prion disease, amiotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinocerebelar ataxias are storage diseases. Their pathophysiology can be linked to abnormal proteins which settle down in central nervous system causing a slow and progressive breakdown of nervous tissue and cause typical manifestations of the disease. Autoimmune demyelinating disease as multiple sclerosis is as well thought to be a neurodegenerative disease, which in difference to other diseases, occurs in younger population. Neurodegenerative diseases mostly occur as a consequence of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors and we think of them as multifactorial diseases; even though cases of monogenetic inheritance have been postulated. The contribution of genes as risk factors has been postulated not only in genetically inherited forms but also in sporadic forms. Many genes have been thought to be of importance for the development of disease, and some have been thought to contribute to a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Many genes have still not been discovered, and in a number of described genes no explanation was given of their function in disease development. Although gene therapy was postulated in some diseases, as in Parkinson’s disease, the modification of risk genes has still not taken its turn in. Future investigations should enlighten new genetic markers and epistatic and epidgenetic interactions which have an important role in complex predisposition for neurodegenerative diseases