| Abstract | Hlapljivi aromatski ugljikovodici su spojevi iz skupine cikličkih ugljikovodika. Ugljikovodici su organski spojevi koji se sastoje od ugljika i vodika, kao što i sam naziv pokazuje. Hlapljivi aromatski ugljikovodici lako dospijevaju u okoliš i u kontakt s ljudima zbog njihove hlapljivosti. U kontaktu s ljudima preko kože ili udisanjem, ulaze u ljudski organizam i tamo se zadržavaju. Ovisno o njihovim svojstvima mogu prouzročiti različite probleme u ljudi, od problema u probavnom, koštanom i živčanom sustavu, do problema u dišnom i krvožilnom sustavu. U radu se obrađuje jedna skupina aromatskih ugljikovodika u koju spadaju benzen, toluen, etilbenzen i ksilen, ili skraćeno BTEX. Uspoređuje se koncentracija tih spojeva u ljudskom tijelu, u ovom radu u urinu, sa koncentracijama matriks metaloproteinaza (MMP), točnije MMP-2 i MMP-9 te tkivnih inhibitora matriks metaloproteinaza (TIMP), točnije TIMP-1 i TIMP-2 kako bi se vidio njihov utjecaj na zdravlje izložene populacije. Ispitivanje BTEX-a se provodilo sa plinskim kromatografom vezanim na spektrometar masa metodom statičkog određivanja para nad kapljevinom (SHS), dok se određivanje MMP i TIMP provodilo pomoću ELISA testa. Uz ispitivanje BTEX-a, MMP-a i TIMP-a u urinu provodilo se i ispitivanje plućnih funkcija ispitanika putem spirometrije pomoću mobilnog Spirometra. Za ispitivanje se kao kontrolna skupina uzela dobrovoljna skupina ljudi sa područja Grada Malog Lošinja gdje nema nikakvog utjecaja industrije ili bilo kojeg drugog zagađivača sa BTEX spojevima. Za izloženu populaciju uzela se dobrovoljna skupina ljudi sa područja Općine Kostrena, gdje se nalaze Rafinerija nafte Ina Urinj i brodogradilište Viktor Lenac. Nakon ispitivanja je primjećeno statistički značajno povećanje u koncentracijama toluena, etilbenzena, m/p-ksilena, o-ksilena te enzima MMP-9 u urinu ispitanika Općine Kostrena. Također je primjećeno statistički značajni smanjenje plućnih funkcija u ispitanika Općine Kostrena. |
| Abstract (english) | Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons are compounds of the cyclic hydrocarbons group. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting of, as its name says, carbon and hydrogen. Volatile aromatic hydrocarbons are easily absorbed anto the environment and in contact with people due to their volatility. In contact with humans through their skin or by inhalation, they enter the body and are retained. Depending in their properties, they can cause different problem sin humans, from problems in digestive, bone and nervous system through the problem sin the respiratory and vascular system. This paper deals with one group of aromatic hydrocarbons including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, or in short BTEX. The concentrations of these compounds in human body, in this work in the urine, is compared with the concentrations of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), more precisely MMP-2 i MMP-9, and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase (TIMP), more precisely TIMP-1 i TIMP-2, to express their impact on the health of the exposed population. The BTEX assay is performed with a gas chromatograph connected to the mass spectrometer with static headspace method (SHS), while determination of MMP and TIMP is performed by ELISA test. In addition to testing BTEX, MMP and TIMP in urine, lung functions were tested by spirometry using a mobile spirometer. As a control group were group of volunteers from the Mali Lošinj area where there is no influence of the industry or any other additional pollutant with BTEX compounds. A volunteer group of people from he area of Kostrena municipality, where Ina Urinj oil refinery and Viktor Lenac shipyard are located, were exhibited for the exposed population. After examination of the results it was noticed a statistically significant increase in toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylenes, o-xylenes and MMP-9 enzymes in urine of Kostrena Municipality. There was also a statistically significant decrease in lung functions in Kostrena Municipality examinees. |
