Title Dispneja u onkoloških bolesnika
Author Valentina Viljevac
Mentor Dubravka Matanić Lender (mentor)
Committee member Alen Protić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Ljiljana Bulat-Kardum (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Aldo Ivančić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of Internal Medicine) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2017-07-14, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Oncology
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Internal Medicine
Abstract Dispneja je subjektivan simptom koji se očituje u onkoloških bolesnika. Njezina pojava može biti prediktor pogoršanja bolesti. Može biti uzrokovana samim tumorom, terapijom tumora, komorbiditetima i mišićnom slaboću. Najčešće se javlja uz tumore pluća i poplućnice, glave i vrata te gastrointestinalnog sustava. Uzroci koji su indirektno povezani s tumorom su pleuralni izljev, ascites, kompresivni sindrom vene kave, anemija, kaheksija i drugi. Terapija tumora koja uključuje kirurške metode, radijaciju ili kemoterapiju mogu također dovesti do nastanka osjećaja nedostatka zraka. Na razvoj mogu utjecati druge bolesti kao što su astma ili kronična opstruktivna bolest pluća, anksioznost ili depresija.
Budući da je dispneja subjektivan simptom pacijenti su ti koji ju otkrivaju liječnicima. Oni su procjenjuju na temelju ljestvica za procjenu dispneje kao što su brojčana ljestvica, vizualna analogna ljestvica i druge. Terapija ovisi o uzroku dispneje. Ukoliko je uzrok reverzibilan uklanja se dostupnim metodama. Liječenje se započinje nefarmakološkim mjerama koje uključuju informiranje bolesnika i obitelji o mjerama za ublažavanje simptoma. Druge opcije uključuju neinvazivnu ventilaciju, oslobađanje dišnih puteva i primjenu kombinacije helija i kisika. Ukoliko je pacijent hipoksičan preporučuje se davanje kisika. Farmakološke metode često se kombiniraju sa nefarmakološkim. Najčešće je u uporabi primjena opioidnih lijekova kao što su morfij, kodein ili fentanil. Drugi lijekovi koji se mogu propisati bolesniku su benzodiazepini, kortikosteroidi, diuretici, anksiolitici ili antidepresivi. Svaka od ovih metoda ima prednosti i nedostatke , a odluka o primjeni ovisi o pacijentu i stanju u kojemu se nalazi.
Abstract (english) Dyspnea is a subjective symptom that is manifested in oncological patients. Her appearance may be a predictor of worsening of the disease. It can be caused by the tumor itself, tumor therapy, comorbidities, and muscular weakness. It is most commonly reported with the lung and pleural cancer, head and neck tumors and tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Causes that are indirectly associated with the tumor include pleural effusion, ascites, vein cava syndrome, anemia, cachexia and others. Tumor therapy involving surgical methods, radiation or chemotherapy can also result in the feeling of lack of air. Development can be affected by other diseases such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, anxiety or depression.
Since dyspnea is a subjective symptom, patients are those who disclose it to doctors. They are evaluated on the basis of a scales assessment scale such as a numeric scale, a visual analog scale, and others. Therapy depends on the cause of dyspnoea. If the cause reversible is removed using available methods. Treatment is initiated by non-pharmacological measures that include patient and family information on the symptoms relief measures. Other options include non-invasive ventilation, airway release and the use of helium and oxygen combinations. If the patient is hypoxic, oxygen is recommended. Pharmacological methods are often combined with nonpharmacologicals. Usually, opioid drugs such as morphine, codeine or fentanyl are used. Other drugs that can be prescribed in a patient are benzodiazepines, corticosteroids, diuretics, anxiolytics, or antidepressants. Each of these methods has advantages and disadvantages, and the decision on the application depends on the patient and the condition in which it is located.
Keywords
dispneja
nedostatak zraka
onkologija
karcinom pluća
Keywords (english)
dyspnea
breathlessness
oncology
lung cance
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:483023
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2018-06-14 08:41:45