The number of malignant diseases is increasing in the world, and their incidence and prevalence is expected in the future. Mortality stagnates in developed and even decrease in some of the most developed countries thanks to the advancement of medicine. Primary health care plays a very important role in malignant diseases prevention by stimulating healthy lifestyles choices including proper nutrition, regular intake of fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity, and reducing risk factors such as: smoking, obesity, excessive alcohol consumption, excessive exposure to sunlight and other harmful environmental factors. Encouraging patients to respond to national screening programs also contributes to early detection of disease, a better outcome, improved survival and improved quality of life. Early diagnosis, recognition of symptoms, and referral to a specialist treatment require from primary health care physicians a careful medical attention, recognition of side effects, and treatment of comorbidity. Palliative care requires an intensive involvement of primary health care workers, being increasingly carried out in the home of a sick person, and coordinated by a primary health care physician. Continuous education on prevention of this disease group and care for patients suffering from malignant diseases is necessary along with the development of procedures and algorithms for the most common cancer site. Multidisciplinary collaboration needs to be applied throughout the prevention, screening, diagnosis and treatment process, especially in palliative care, to ensure dignified life of a person suffering from malignant disease.