Urolithiasis is a disease that leads to urinary stone formation in the urinary system. It is quite common, but the actual incidence can not be accurately determined, because a part of the stones are asymptomatic and part of them are of transient nature. It is believed that 5- 10% of the general population will have one or more urinary stones during their lifetime. Urolithiasis has a family and hereditary tendency, and an important factor in the emergence of urinary stones is lifestyle and nutrition. A patient with urolithiasis can be treated medically or surgically. Surgical treatment of urinary stones includes a classical, open operation, used only when other features are excluded, and minimal invasive procedures involving nephrolithrotripsy, ureterorenoscopy and extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy is a relatively newer therapeutic method for treating urolithiasis. It is based on shock waves generated in the generator, focusing and pointing on the urinary stone in the body of the patient. The use of ESWL as a modality of treatment depends on several factors: the position of the stone, the size, the number of stones and the chemical composition of the stones. Despite the greater technical difficulty, ESWL offers the possibility of efficient and safe removal of stones, with rare complications and multiple repeatability of the procedure.