Abstract | Fluor se nalazi u Zemljinoj kori, vodi, hrani i u našem organizmu kao jedan od gradivnih elemenata mnogih tkivnih sustava, a ponajviše kostiju i zuba.
Fluor ima važnu ulogu u prevenciji i redukciji zubnog karijesa. Umanjuje demineralizacijski proces, a potiče remineralizaciju tvrdog zubnog tkiva. Reducira broj mikroorganizama, utječe na
njihov metabolizam, povećava salivaciju te na taj način sprječava stvaranje kiselog medija i pad pH vrijednosti u usnoj šupljini.
Sustavno se fluor unosi hranom, vodom za piće, mlijekom, soli ili tabletama koje sadrže fluor. Nakon apsorpcije luči se putem sline i ugrađuje se u zubnu caklinu. U svijetu najrašireniji način konzumacije fluorida je fluoridacija vode premda novija istraživanja dovode u pitanje djelotvornog takvog postupka. U RH se voda, mlijeko i sol ne fluoridiraju.
Najznačajnija metoda u prevenciji karijesa je topikalna fluoridacija kojom se postiže konstantna niska koncentracija fluora. Provodi se svakodnevno u kućanstvima ili profesionalno u ordinacijama dentalne medicine najčešće u obliku zubnih pasti, otopina, gelova, lakova, a u zadnje vrijeme gumama za žvakanje, restaurativnim materijalima i napravama koje otpuštaju fluor.
Prekomjeran unos fluorida može toksično djelovati na ljudski organizam. U periodu rasta i razvoja zuba manje količine mogu dovesti do nastanka dentalne fluoroze, dok veće količine izazivaju opću reakciju organizma pa čak i smrt.
Preventivne mjere i edukacija ljudi su najvažniji čimbenik u redukciji karijesa i očuvanju oralnog zdravlja. |
Abstract (english) | Fluoride can be found in the Earth's crust, water, food and in our bodies as one of the building blocks of many tissue systems, primarily of bones and teeth.
Fluoride plays an important role in the prevention and reduction of dental caries. Reduces the demineralisation process and promotes remineralisation of dental hard tissue. Reduces the
number of microorganisms, affects their metabolism, increases salivation and thus prevents the formation of acidic media and the decline in pH value in the oral cavity.
Systematically fluorine is entered through food, drinking water, milk, salt or tablets containing fluoride. After absorption it is secreted via saliva and incorporated into tooth enamel. The world's most widely used method of fluoride consumption is the fluoridation of water although recent research has questioned the effectiveness of such procedure. In Republic of Croatia water, milk and salt are not fluoridated.
The most important method in caries prevention is the topical fluoridation by which a constant, low concentration of fluoride is achieved. It is carried out daily in homes or professionally in dental medicine practices, mostly in the form of toothpastes, solutions, gels, varnishes, and lately in chewing gums, restorative materials and devices, which release fluorine.
Excessive intake of fluoride can have toxic effects on the human body. During the period of growth and development of teeth small quantities can lead to the development of dental fluorosis, while larger amounts cause general body reaction and even death.
Preventive measures and education of people are the most important factors in reducing tooth decay and preservation of oral health. |