Abstract | Psorijaza je autoimuna, multigenetska bolest kože, čiji mehanizam nasljeđivanja nije u
potpunosti utvrđen. U svijetu se pojavljuje u 1 do 3% populacije, a u Hrvatskoj u 1,6%
populacije. Može započeti u djetinjstvu, potaknuta streptokoknim faringitisom ili u
odrasloj životnoj dobi. Psorijaza je kronična bolest, karakterizirana ponavljajućim
egzacebracijama praćenim periodima remisije, te je emocionalno i fizički iscrpljujuća.
Jako veliki broj ljudi u svijetu ima genetski potencijal za nastanak psorijaze, ali se samo
uz odgovarajuću kombinaciju vanjskih i unutarnjih čimbenika bolest može klinički
ispoljiti. Najčešći okidači su stres, virusne i bakterijske infekcije te neki lijekovi.
Razlikujemo četiri osnovna klinička oblika psorijaze: kronična plak psorijaza, kapljičasta
psorijaza, pustulozna psorijaza i eritrodermijska psorijaza. Kronična plak psorijaza
najčešći je oblik psorijaze. Karakterizira ga pojava oštro-ograničenih, eritematoznih
plakova pokrivenih srebrnkastim ljuskama. Predilekcijska mjesta su vlasište, laktovi,
koljena i sakralno područje. Najčešći komorbiditet u psorijazi jest psorijatični artritis koji
zahvaća 30 – 40% bolesnika, iako točni epidemiološki podaci nisu poznati. Istraživanja
imunopatogeneze psorijaze omogućila su razvoj specifičnih i učinkovitih lijekova, poput
biološke terapije, koja je znatan napredak u odnosu na standardnu terapiju zbog visoke
učinkovitosti i dobre sigurnosti novih lijekova. |
Abstract (english) | Psoriasis is an autoimmune, multigenetic skin disease whose inheritance
mechanism is not fully established. In the world it appears in around 1 to 3% of the
population, and in Croatia the prevalence is 1.6% of the population. It usually starts in
childhood when the first episode is triggered by streptococcal pharyngitis. Psoriasis is a
lifetime disease characterized by chronic and recurrent exacerbations followed by
remission periods. This disease is both physically and emotionally exhausting. Studies
have shown that millions of people in the world have the potential to develop psoriasis,
but only with the appropriate combination of external and internal factors the disease can
be clinically present. The most common disease triggers are stress , infections and various
drugs. Four clinical forms of psoriasis are described: chronic plaque psoriasis, eruptive
psoriasis, pustular psoriasis and erythrodermic psoriasis with chronic plaque psoriasis
being the most common form of psoriasis. It is characterized by the appearance of sharpbound
erythematosus plaques covered with silver scales. The predilection sites are:
scalp, elbows, knees and sacral area. The most common comorbidity in psoriasis is
psoriatic arthritis that affects 30-40% of patients, although accurate epidemiological data
are not known. Psoriasis immunopathogenesis studies have allowed the development of
the new specific and effective drugs, such as biologic therapy, which is a significant
advance in psoriasis treatment due to the high efficacy and good safety profile. |