NAFLD is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and affects around one quarter of population. NAFLD is a condition characterized by excessive fat accumulation. It includes the full spectrum of fatty liver disease; ranging from simple steatosis to steatohepatosis all the way to liver cirrhosis and HCC. NAFLD is increasingly recognized as a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome characterized by abdominal or central obesity and insulin resistance resulting in the development of type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The concept of “Multiple-parallel hit theory” encompasses several factors that work together in a genetically predisposed individual that is developing NAFLD. Such "hits" include Insulin resistance, lipototoxicity, adipose tissue dysfunction, environmental factors such as diet, obesity, and intestinal microbiota. The diagnosis of NAFLD is heterogeneous and relies on a variety of assessment tools such as: imaging methods, liver biopsy, and serum biomarkers. As the obesity epidemic increases, the prevalence and impact of NAFLD is increasing simultaneously, making NASH potentially the most common cause of advanced liver disease in the coming decades. There are indications that NAFLD will become the dominant cause of HCC in Western countries and the leading cause for liver transplantation