Abstract | Koža je najveći, a ujedno i najvidljiviji organ ljudskog tijela. Još početkom prošlog stoljeća opisana je kao organ ekspresije. Znanost koja pokriva sve aspekte međuodnosa psihološkog statusa i kože u pogledu uzroka, početka, razvoja, dijagnostike i liječenja različitih kožnih bolesti naziva se psihodermatologija. Danas se, iz praktičnih razloga, koristi klasifikacija u kojoj se psihodermatološki poremećaji dijele na psihosomatske, primarno psihijatrijske ili psihogene i sekundarno psihijatrijske. U skupinu psihosomatskih bolesti ubrajamo atopijski dermatitis, psorijazu, akne, alopeciju areatu, psihogenu purpuru, seboroični dermatitis, rozaceu, urtikariju, psihogene ekskorijacije, lokalizirani pruritus analnog područja i vulve te hiperhidrozu. U skupinu primarnih psihijatrijskih bolesti spadaju trihotilomanija, artefaktni dermatitis, neurotske ekskorijacije, onihotilomanija i kronični lihen simpleks, kao i funkcionalni poremećaji kože i sluznica te sumanuti poremećaji. Sekundarni psihijatrijski poremećaji javljaju se kod pacijenata s kroničnim kožnim bolestima koje narušavaju fizički izgled. Kod bolesnika s takvom dermatološkom patologijom dolazi do razvoja anksioznosti, depresivnosti, gubitka samopouzdanja i socijalne fobije.
Poznata je i dokazana praksa liječenja dermatoloških bolesnika psihijatrijskim metodama. Koriste se i psihofarmaci i psihoterapija, ali i kombinacija tih dviju metoda, ovisno o indikaciji. |
Abstract (english) | The skin is the largest and the most visible organ of the human body. As early as the beginning of the last century, it was described as an organ of expression. The science that covers all aspects of the relationship between psychological status and skin in terms of the cause, onset, development, diagnosis, and treatment of various skin diseases is called psychodermatology. For practical reason, a classification that is used today is the one which psychodermatological disorders are divided into psychosomatic, primarily psychiatric or psychogenic, and secondarily psychiatric. The group of psychosomatic diseases includes atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, alopecia areata, psychogenic purpura, seborrheic dermatitis, rosacea, urticaria, psychogenic excoriations, localized pruritus of the anal area and vulva, and hyperhidrosis. The group of primary psychiatric diseases includes trichotillomania, artifact dermatitis, neurotic excoriations, onychotylomania and chronic lichen simplex, as well as functional disorders of the skin and mucous membranes and delusional disorders. Secondary psychiatric disorders occur in patients with chronic skin diseases that impair physical appearance. Patients with such dermatological pathology develop anxiety, depression, loss of self-confidence and social phobia.
The practice of treating dermatological patients with psychiatric methods is well known and proven. Psychopharmaceuticals and psychotherapy are also used, but also a combination of these two methods, depending on the indication. |