Vascular calcification is a complex pathological process that involves the interaction of promoters and inhibitors of calcifications. Inhibitors play a key role in the prevention of vascular calcifications. A link between vitamin K and vascular calcification has been established. The latest discovery of vitamin K-dependent protein - Gla-rich protein is by far the densest γ-carboxylated protein because it contains the largest number of Gla residues relative to the size of the mature protein. Its structure has been remarkably preserved during vertebrate evolution, but it is apparently absent in the genomes of birds. It was first identified in Adriatic sturgeons, and in a further study it was found in the tissues of mice and humans. GRP expression has been detected in cartilage and bone cells suggesting its role in chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. Chronic inflammatory diseases are often associated with calcification and GRP has also been shown to act as an anti-inflammatory agent in monocytes and macrophages. Although further research is needed to better understand the molecular functions of GRP, it is believed that GRP plays an important role in inhibiting vascular calcifications.