| Abstract (croatian) | Cilj: Procijeniti unos vitamina D prehranom u studentskoj populaciji s obzirom na njihove karakteristike i navike dnevnom izlaganju sunčevom svjetlu. Metode: U istraživanju su sudjelovala 403 studenta Sveučilišta u Rijeci, u Hrvatskoj, koji su ispunili upitnik o svojim karakteristikama, navikama tjelesne aktivnosti, prehrani, upotrebi dodataka prehrani te o svakodnevnom izlaganju sunčevom svjetlu. Za procjenu kvalitete prehrane korišten je Prehrambeni upalni indeks (DII®). Rezultati: Prosječan prehrambeni unos vitamina D iznosio je 2,76 μg/dan, statistički je bio veći među muškarcima (p < 0,01), studentima fakulteta medicinskih znanosti (p < 0,01), pretilim studentima (p = 0,03), onima koji su bili visoko tjelesno aktivni (p = 0,02) i pušačima (p = 0,01). Glavni prehrambeni izvori vitamina D bili su riba (42 %, p < 0,01) te meso i mesni proizvodi (31 %). Studenti koji se učestalije dnevno izlažu suncu, bili su uglavnom muškarci, prekomjerne tjelesne mase, umjereno tjelesno aktivni, korisnici dodataka prehrani i prehrane s većim protuupalnim potencijalom, većim unosom vitamina D i njegovih glavnih prehrambenih izvora. Oni koji nikad nisu koristili proizvode za sunčanje ili su ih koristili rijetko, imali su više protuupalnu prehranu i veći unos vitamina D i njegovih glavnih prehrambenih izvora. Te podgrupe studenata također su i najmanje unosile vitamin D prehranom. Zaključci: Prosječan dnevni unos vitamina D prehranom među istraživanim studentima zadovoljio je tek petinu preporučenog dnevnog unosa vitamina D. Studenti s navikama koje mogu utjecati na smanjenu sintezu vitamina D, mogu povećati rizik od bolesti povezanih sa zdravljem kostiju, imunitetom i upalama u budućem životu. Dobiveni rezultati mogu biti vrijedni za javnozdravstvene poruke o odgovarajućem izlaganju sunčevoj svjetlosti, prehrani s većim protuupalnim potencijalom i korištenju dodataka prehrani, važnima za prevenciju nedostatka vitamina D. |
| Abstract (english) | Aim: To evaluate students’ dietary vitamin D intake according to characteristics and habits concerning daily sunlight exposure. Methods: The study included 403 students of the University of Rijeka, Croatia that fulfilled questionnaire about their characteristics, habits, physical activity, supplement use, diet, and their daily sunlight exposure. For assessing diet quality, the Dietary inflammatory index (DII®) was used. Results: Average dietary vitamin D intake was 2.76 μg/day, statistically highest among men (p<0.01), medical sciences universities’ students (p<0.01), students with obesity (p=0.03), highly physically active (p=0.02) and smokers (p=0.01). Major dietary vitamin D sources were fish (42%, p<0.01) and meat and meat products (31%). Students that more frequently expose themselves to the sunlight were mostly men, overweight, moderately physically active, dietary supplements users, and had a diet with more anti-inflammatory potential, higher dietary vitamin D intake and its major dietary sources. Those who rarely and never used a sunscreen had a more anti-inflammatory diet and higher vitamin D and its major food sources intakes. Diet with more pro-inflammatory potential had students that rarely or never directly expose themselves to the sunlight, likewise the students that frequently used sunscreen. Those subgroups also had the lowest dietary vitamin D intake. Conclusions: The average dietary vitamin D intake by investigated university students satisfied only the fifth of the recommended daily vitamin D intake. Students with habits that can influence the lower synthesis of vitamin D may increase the risk of diseases related to bone health, immunity and inflammation in their future life. Provided results about students’ habits of their exposure to the sunlight might be useful for public health messages toward sufficient sunlight exposure, diet quality with more anti-inflammatory potential, vitamin D supplements use, and vitamin D deficiency prevention. |
