Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a liposolubile organic compound being a constituent part of various varnishes, insecticides, rubber waxes, but can also be found in waste water from the production of iron, steel, industrial paints and oil refining. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the acute carbon tetrachloride intoxication on the brain of experimental animals. For this purpose, 10 male laboratory mice were injected intraperitoneally with the single dose of 100 μL of 10 % (v/v) CCl4 dissolved in the sunflower oil. A group of 5 intoxicated animals was neurologically tested and sacrificed one day after the intoxication, and another group composed of an equal number of animals underwent the same procedures, three days after intoxication protocol. Five animals injected only with sunflower oil served as a control group. Collected brain tissue samples were stained by standard histological tehnique, using hemalaun and eosin (HE) and by immunohistochemical staining using antibodies against the microglial marker IBA-1 and against myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). The neurological status of the mice was examined by a standard rapis neurological test and evaluated by scoring. Brain tissues of mice sacrificed one day after the intoxication showed signs of neuronal damage and degeneration, inflammatory infiltration and demyelinating lesions. Three days after intoxication, the mentioned changes became more extensive and present in deeper regions of the brain. Periventricular hemorrhage and interstitial brain edema were also recorded in these animals. Intoxicated mice showed neurological disorders in terms of hind leg weeknes, as well as coordination and balance disorders. The present study clearly demostrated the acute neurotoxic effects of a single-dose carbon tetrachloride application, but further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms of the neuropathological changes described here.