The replacement of heart valves is a complex surgical procedure that can trigger an inflammatory response. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of heart diseases is significant, and the inflammatory response during surgical intervention can further worsen the patient's condition. To reduce the inflammatory response and improve surgical outcomes, systemic hypothermia is applied. Systemic hypothermia involves lowering the patient's body temperature during the operation. Temperature measurement is crucial to maintain stable hypothermia. The effect of systemic hypothermia on the inflammatory response is significant. It reduces the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, decreases leukocyte activation, inhibits oxidative stress, and mitigates tissue injury. Possible mechanisms of action of systemic hypothermia include reduced blood flow and metabolic activity, inhibition of enzymatic reactions, and modulation of the immune response. Decreased blood flow and metabolic activity during hypothermia provide tissue protection by reducing oxidative stress and energy demands. Inhibition of enzymatic reactions reduces molecule degradation and oxidative damage, while modulation of the immune response decreases inflammatory processes and limits tissue injury. Despite the advantages of systemic hypothermia, there are several limitations to consider, such as an increased risk of infections, organ dysfunction, and challenges in maintaining stable body temperature. Therefore, careful monitoring of the patient and implementation of appropriate infection prevention measures are crucial to avoid potential complications. In conclusion, systemic hypothermia has a positive impact on the inflammatory response during heart valve replacement surgery. Its mechanisms of action and clinical outcomes highlight its importance in reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue injury. However, the limitations must be carefully considered when applying hypothermia. Further research and improved therapeutic approaches can further enhance the use of systemic hypothermia and improve outcomes in cardiac surgery for valve replacement.