Title Uloga oksidacijskog stresa u etiologiji muške neplodnosti
Title (english) Role of oxidative stress in the etiology of male infertility
Author Marija Gašparović
Mentor Romano Oguić (mentor)
Committee member Josip Španjol (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Dean Markić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Antun Gršković (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of Urology) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2023-06-29, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Clinical Medical Sciences Urology
Abstract Neplodnost je javnozdravstveni problem koji zahvaća 10-15% parova. U 30% slučajeva uzrok je muškarac. Etiologije muške neplodnosti su brojne, a u podlozi mnogih se krije oksidacijski stres. Oksidacijski stres je stanje narušene oksido-redukcijske ravnoteže u kojemu dolazi do stvaranja reaktivnih kisikovih spojeva (ROS), reaktivnih molekula koje posjeduju nespareni elektron. U svojoj težnji za stabilizacijom ROS reagiraju s molekulama u njihovoj neposrednoj blizini i oštećuju ih. U stanicama spermatogenetske loze se stvara iznenađujuća količina ROS-a. Razlog tome je što ROS imaju nekoliko fizioloških uloga. Sudjeluju u kapacitaciji spermija, omogućavaju njihovu hiperaktivaciju i sudjeluju u fuziji spermija i oocite. Velik udio ROS-a se stvara kao nusprodukt aerobnog metabolizma, a dio nastaje u peroksidaza pozitivnim leukocitima. Štetni učinci oksidacijskog stresa na spermije su lipidna peroksidacija, fragmentacija DNA i apoptoza. Varikocela je jedna od najčešćih etiologija muške neplodnosti u kojoj istovremeno djeluju temperatura, hipoksija i upala u nastajanju oksidacijskog stresa. Povezanost neplodnosti i oksidacijskog stresa pronađena je u različitih bolesti u stanja kao što su infekcije, dijabetes, alkoholizam i pretilost. Životne navike kao što je pušenje te izloženost zračenju i ftalatima koji se mogu naći u plastici se također povezuju s oksidacijskim stresom. Oksidacijski stres se može izazvati i ijatrogeno u korištenju tehnika potpomognute oplodnje i krioprezervacijom. U liječenju malignih bolesti radioterapija i kemoterapija mogu dovesti do oksidacijskog stresa i neplodnosti. Glavna crta obrane protiv oksidacijskog stresa su antioksidansi koji neutraliziraju ROS. Razlikujemo enzimatske od neenzimatskih. Enzimatski uključuju superoksid dismutazu (SOD), katalazu i glutation peroksidazu, a nalaze se u spermijima i sjemenoj tekućini. Neenzimatske antioksidanse ljudi dobivaju iz hrane, a neki primjeri su vitamin E, vitamin C, cink i selen. Nedostatak antioksidansa zbog nekvalitetne i neraznolike prehrane također može dovesti do oksidacijskog stresa zbog čega je pravilna i uravnotežena prehrana važan faktor u plodnosti.
Abstract (english) Infertiliy is a public health issue that 10-15% of couples suffer from. In 30% of the cases the causative factor is male. There are numerous etiologies of male infertility and oxidative stress plays a role in a lot of them. Oxidative stress is a state in which the oxido-reductive homeostasis is impaired and that leads to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive molecules that contain an unpaired electron. ROS have a tendency towards stability and react with the surrounding molecules while damaging them. A surprising amount of ROS are produced in the spermatozoa. This is because ROS have a few physiological roles. They play an important role in sperm capacitation, hyperactivation and fusion of the sperm with the oocite. A large portion of ROS is produced as a byproduct of aerobic metabolism, and some come from peroxidase-positive leukocytes. Harmful effects of oxidative stress on spermatozoa include lipid peroxidation, DNA fragmentation and apoptosis. Varicocele is one of the most prevalent etiology of male infertility and it has been linked with oxidative stress due to temperature, hypoxia and inflammation. A link between oxidative stress and infertility has been found in various diseases and conditions such as infection, diabetes, alcoholism and obesity. Lifestyle factors such as smoking and environmental factors such as radiation and exposure to phthalates found in plastic are also linked to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can also occur iatrogenically, during the use of assisted reproductive technologies and cryopreservation of sperm. Malignancy treatment in form of chemotherapy and radiotherapy can lead to oxidative stress and infertility. First line of defense against oxidative stress are antioxidants that neutralise ROS. There are enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Enzymatic are superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and they are present in sperm cells and seminal fluid. Non-enzymatic can be obtained from food, some of which are vitamin E, vitamin C, zinc and selenium. Antioxidant deficiency due to poor diet can also lead to oxidative stress and infertility which is why a healthy and balanced diet is a great factor in fertility.
Keywords
oksidacijski stres
reaktivni kisikovi spojevi
varikocela
antioksidansi
Keywords (english)
oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species
varicocele
antioxidants
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:991129
Study programme Title: Medicine Study programme type: university Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2023-09-05 09:51:40