Title Ponašanje insekticida acetamiprida, klotianidina i tiametoksama u tlima Republike Hrvatske
Title (english) Behaviour of insecticides acetamiprid, clothianidin and thiametoxam in soils of Republic of Croatia
Author Luka Devčić
Mentor Dalibor Broznić (mentor)
Committee member Marin Tota (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Mirna Petković-Didović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Sunčica Buljević (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine Rijeka
Defense date and country 2023-09-29, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Public Health and Health Care
Abstract Neonikotinoidni insekticidi uslijed česte primjene i ulaska u ciklus kruženja tvari u okolišu pokazuju toksični učinak na ekosustave i živa bića. Na području Hrvatske koriste se u Slavoniji kao efikasno sredstvo u zaštiti nasada šećerne repe i u primorskim maslinicima za suzbijanje maslinove muhe. Djelovanje neonikotinoida očituje se neselektivnim učincima na CNS (eng. Central nervous system, CNS) insekata što može imati dugoročne posljedice na ekosustav u kojem se primjenjuju. Tlo je ekosustav vrlo izložen negativnim učincima neonikotinoida. U tlu je njihovo ponašanje ovisno o karakteristikama samog tla, prvenstveno količini organske tvari (eng. Soil organic matter, SOM), ali i o kemijskim strukturama samih molekula insekticida. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj različitosti karakteristika tala s područja Republike Hrvatske na intenzitet vezivanja acetamiprida, tiametoksama i klotianidina na koloide tla, odnosno analizirati sorpcijsko/desorpcijske procese Eksperimentalni podaci o ravnotežnoj sorpciji i desorpciji najbolje su prikazani Freundlichovim ravnotežnim modelom. Kod desorpcijskih procesa vrijednosti koeficijenta KF za sve analizirane neonikotinoide bile su izrazito više u odnosu na KF sorpcije. Utvrđeno je da su sorpcijsko-desorpcijski procesi neonikotinoida ovisni o sadržaju SOM-a. Vrijednosti faktora nelinearnosti znatno su se razlikovale između procesa desorpcije i sorpcije, što je ukazivalo na neslaganje sorpcijskih i desorpcijskih izotermi, odnosno pojave tzv. „histereze“. Izračunata srednja vrijednost koeficijenata KOC svrstava analizirane neonikotinoide u mikrozagađivala visoke pokretljivosti. Niska slobodna energija sorpcijskih i desorpcijskih procesa upućuje na to da se procesi sorpcije i desorpcije analiziranih neonikotinoida odvijaju fizičkim procesima, od kojih je primarni mehanizam raspodjela insekticida unutar organske tvari tla .
Zaključak ovog istraživanja je da je kontrolirana primjena analiziranih neonikotinoida obvezna, posebice u tlima s niskim udjelom organske tvari, kako bi se rizik od onečišćenja okoliša i podzemnih voda sveo na minimum.
Abstract (english) Due to an excesive use, neonicotinoid insecticides show a toxic effect on ecosystems and living beings in the environment. In Croatia, they are often used in Slavonia as an effective means to protect sugar beet plantations or in coastal regions to protect olive groves from olive flies. Neonicotinoids work by binding non-selectively to the acetylcholine receptors on the CNS of all insects, which can have long-term consequences for the ecosystem in which it is applied. One ecosystem often exposed to the negative effects of neonicotinoids is soil. The behaviour of insecticides in soil depends on the characteristics of the soil, primarily the amount of organic matter (SOM), but also on the chemical structure of the insecticides themselves. The goal of this research is to examine the influence of different soil characteristics on the intensity of binding of acetamiprid, tiamethoxam and clothianidin to soils from the Republic of Croatia, and to analyze their sorption/desorption processes. The data analyzed is best represented by the Freundlich model. . In the case of desorption processes, the KF values for all analyzed insecticides are significantly higher compared to the sorption KF values. This research confirms that the sorption-desorption processes of neonicotinoids are statistically dependent on the organic phase of the soil. The values of the nonlinearity factor differed considerably between the desorption and sorption processes, which indicated a discrepancy between the sorption and desorption isotherms, this is the occurrence of the so called "hysteresis" phenomena. The mean value of KOC coefficients in this research classifies the analyzed neonicotinoids as highly mobile micropollutants. The low Gibbs energy of sorption and desorption processes indicates that the sorption and desorption processes of analyzed neonicotinoids take place through physical processes, the primary mechanism of which is the distribution of insecticides within organic matter of the soil.
The results of the research emphasize that the controlled application of the analyzed neonicotinoids is mandatory, especially in soils with a low content of organic substances, in order to minimize the risk of environmental and groundwater pollution..
Keywords
acetamiprid
klotianidin
tiametoksam
sorpcija
desorpcija
tlo
Keywords (english)
acetamiprid
clothianidin
thiametoxam
adsorption
desorption
soil
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:109490
Study programme Title: Study of Sanitary Engineering Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sanitarnog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra sanitarnog inženjerstva)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2023-09-29 10:59:30