Neuromyelitis oprica (NMO) is idiopathic demyelinating disease of a central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. In western countries it is relatively rare disease but in some asians countries the percentage goes to almost 50% of demyelinating disorders. Etiology of disease is unknown. It is believed that main role in pathogenesis has antibody (AQP4-IgG antibody) that binds to aquaporin chanel on astrocites which are responsable for water regulation in central nervous system. Main diagnostic criteria include optical neuritis and myelits. Supportive criteria include: positive NMO-IgG (AQP4-IgG) antibody, longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) on T2-weighted imaging on MR and brain MR which does not meet criteria for MS diagnosis. If a pacient doesn't fulfill thesee criteria a diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder can be given. Treatment of NMO includes the management of acute attacks and the prevention of future exacerbations. Corticosteroides and plasmapheresis are mostly used in acute phase of a disease and variety of immunosuppressive drugs are used in a long-term medication.