Preterm newborns exhibit heightened energetic demands due to their immaturity and potential complications, necessitating careful consideration of the composition of their nutrition. Nutrition plays a pivotal role in addressing and attenuating the effects of prematurity as well as underdevelopment. However, prematurity comprises challenges like the inability to suck and swallow as well as the immaturity of the lung and the GI system all of which impede a proper nutrition and conse-quently complicate adequate growth. Additionally, premature infants are exposed to environ-ments such as NICU and receive medications which may influence their status. Various feeding methods are evaluated and precisely tailored according to their advantages and disadvantages, specific for the preterm infant’s condition. Parenteral nutrition may be necessary for extremely premature newborns to prevent catabolic processes and ensure consistent supply. The transition to enteral nutrition should be performed smoothly to prevent a nutrient deficient state. Enteral nutrition is best provided with human breast milk as it meets the caloric goals, as well as provides beneficial immunoactive substances. Fortifiers and supplementations are required in preterm newborns as their heightened energy demands cannot be solely met with mothers’ milk and preterm infants often lack certain vitamins or trace elements.