Age-related macular degeneration is one of the leading causes of irreversible reduction of central visual acuity in the elderly population. Depending on the presence of choroidal neovascularization, it is divided into dry and wet age-related macular degeneration. Several processes are involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, the most important of which are oxidative stress, accumulation of toxic byproducts of the visual cycle, chronic inflammation (action of the complement system), choriocapillaris insufficiency and genetic factors. These processes are potential targets for drug action. The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy has revolutionized the treatment of wet age-related macular degeneration. However, so far no therapy has been validated and approved for the treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration. Given the lack of therapeutic options, the implementation of preventive strategies is necessary. By acting on environmental factors such as smoking and diet, it is possible to slow down the progression of the disease. Therapeutic options undergoing clinical trials are visual cycle modulators, anti-inflammatory drugs and complement pathway inhibitors, reduction of toxic byproducts, antioxidants, neuroprotective agents, enhancement of choroidal perfusion, mitochondrial enhancers, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, laser therapy and photobiomodulation. So far, drugs that inhibit the complement pathway (avacincaptad pegol and pegctacoplan), have proven to be the most effective in clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to present the data of recently completed and ongoing clinical trials related to the prevention and treatment of dry age-related macular degeneration.