Title Antioksidacijska svojstva nusprodukata kod prerade rajčica
Title (english) Antioxidant properties of by-products in tomato processing
Author Laura Manin
Mentor Srećko Valić (mentor)
Mentor Jurica Jurec (komentor)
Committee member Marin Tota (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Lara Batičić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Damir Muhvić (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Srećko Valić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Rijeka Faculty of Medicine (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry) Rijeka
Defense date and country 2024-09-09, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE Basic Medical Sciences Medical Biochemistry
Abstract Rajčica (Solanum lycopersicum L.) zauzima važno mjesto u prehrani. Često se koristi svježa, ali i prerađena. Tijekom industrijske prerade rajčica, kao nusprodukt zaostaje velika količina sjemenki koja se uglavnom tretira kao biootpad. Sjemenke rajčica izuzetno su bogate različitim bioaktivnim spojevima kao primjerice likopenom, β-karotenom, polifenolima, askorbinskom kiselinom (vitamin C) te tokoferolima (vitamin E) koji su dobro poznati antioksidansi. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati antioksidacijska svojstva sjemenki dviju sorti rajčica „cherry“ i „jabučar“. U istraživanju su korištene rajčice uzgojene na području sjeverozapadne Istre, 2023. godine. Mjerenja su provedena metodom elektronske spinske rezonancije (ESR), uporabom 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) radikala. Ova spektroskopska tehnika omogućuje precizno mjerenje koncentracije radikala u uzorku. Ispitan je utjecaj temperature skladištenja sjemenki na antioksidacijsku snagu (AP). Jedan dio sjemenki skladišten je pri sobnoj temperaturi, a drugi u hladnjaku pri +4 °C. Ispitan je i utjecaj zamrzavanja sjemenki pri −18 °C čime se suzbija neželjena pojava insekata. Ekstrakti su pripremljeni mljevenjem sjemenki, a zatim su iz njih ekstrahirane aktivne komponente miješanjem u etanolu tijekom 5 min. Uzorci su potom centrifugirani i izdvojen je tekućinski dio. Etanolnoj otopini DPPH poznate koncentracije dodani su ekstrakti te je mjeren gubitak signala tijekom 30 min. Rezultati su pokazali približno jednaku AP vrijednost obje vrste rajčica prije skladištenja. Tijekom skladištenja pri različitim temperaturama i zamrzavanjem došlo je do značajne promjene antioksidacijske aktivnosti i antioksidacijskog kapaciteta što je utjecalo na promjenu AP vrijednosti. Početne razlike u antioksidacijskoj snazi posljedica su različitog kemijskog sastava sjemenki rajčice jabučara i cherry rajčica. Sjemenke rajčice jabučara obiluju polifenolima, koji su osjetljivi na niske temperature skladištenja zbog čega najveću vrijednost antioksidacijske snage pokazuju upravo sjemenke rajčice jabučara skladištene pri sobnoj temperaturi (24 °C) tijekom 3 mjeseca, za razliku od sjemenki cherry rajčica koje obiluju likopenom i askorbinskom kiselinom na čiji sadržaj pozitivno utječe niža temperatura skladištenja zbog čega sjemenke cherry rajčica skladištene u hladnjaku pri +4 °C prednjače u antioksidacijskog snazi tijekom 6. i 9. mjeseca skladištenja.
Abstract (english) Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) occupies an important place in the diet. It is often used fresh, but also processed. During the industrial processing of tomatoes, a large amount of seeds are left behind as a byproduct, which are mostly treated as biowaste. Tomato seeds are extremely rich in various bioactive compounds such as lycopene, β-carotene, polyphenols, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherols (vitamin E), which are well-known antioxidants. The aim of the research was to examine the antioxidant properties of the seeds of two varieties of tomatoes "cherry" and "apple". Tomatoes grown in the area of northwestern Istria in 2023 were used in the research. The measurements were carried out by the electron spin resonance (ESR) method, using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. This spectroscopic technique enables precise measurement of the concentration of radicals in the sample. The influence of seed storage temperature on AP was examined. One part of the seeds was stored at room temperature, and the other in a refrigerator at +4 °C. The impact of freezing seeds at −18 °C, which suppresses the unwanted appearance of insects, was also tested. The extracts were prepared by grinding the seeds, and then the active components were extracted from them by stirring in ethanol for 5 min. The samples were then centrifuged and the liquid part was separated. Extracts were added to an ethanolic solution of DPPH of known concentration, and signal loss was measured for 30 min. The results showed an approximately equal AP value of both types of tomatoes before storage. During storage at different temperatures and by freezing, there was a significant change in antioxidant activity and antioxidant capacity, which affected the change in AP value. Initial differences in antioxidant power are due to the different chemical composition of apple and cherry tomato seeds. Apple seeds are rich in polyphenols, which are sensitive to low storage temperatures, which is why apple seeds stored at room temperature (24 °C) for 3 months show the highest antioxidant power, unlike cherry tomato seeds, which are rich in lycopene and ascorbic acid, the content of which is positively affected by lower storage temperatures which is why cherry tomato seeds stored in the refrigerator at +4 °C lead in antioxidant power during the 6th and 9th months of storage.
Keywords
antioksidacijska svojstva
antioksidacijska snaga
sjemenke rajčica
skladištenje
ESR spektroskopija
DPPH
Keywords (english)
antioxidant properties
antioxidant power
tomato seeds
storage
ESR spectroscopy
DPPH
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:184:797252
Project Number: IP-2022-10-9292 Title: Molekulski magnetizam u naprednim čvrstim i mekim materijalima Title: Molecular magnetism in advanced solid and soft materials Acronym: MOMENT Leader: Dijana Žilić Jurisdiction: Croatia Funder: Hrvatska zaklada za znanost Funding stream: Research Projects
Project Number: uniri-iskusni-tehnic-23-217 Title: Priprema i karakterizacija novih kompozitnih materijala i odabranih biljnih ekstrakata Title: Preparation and characterization of new composite materials and selected plant extracts Leader: Srećko Valić Jurisdiction: Croatia Funder: Sveučilište u Rijeci
Study programme Title: Study of Sanitary Engineering Study programme type: university Study level: graduate Academic / professional title: magistar/magistra sanitarnog inženjerstva (magistar/magistra sanitarnog inženjerstva)
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Created on 2024-09-03 13:18:51