The aim of the paper was to give a literature overview of modern knowledge about low back pain and to present different therapeutic approaches using physical activity that can be used in the treatment or reduction of low back pain with an emphasis on their effectiveness in relation to various parameters, especially on reducing pain and preventing disability. Low back pain represents an important health problem that significantly affects the quality of life of individuals, but also represents a significant economic burden both for the patient and for society as a whole. The paper highlights the effectiveness of different types of physical activities in alleviating low back pain and improving general well-being. Medical exercises in water, stabilization exercises, the McKenzie method, yoga, tai chi, Pilates, stretching exercises, strength training, and aerobic exercises have been shown to be effective in reducing pain, improving flexibility and improving the quality of life of patients with low back pain. Adapting the therapeutic approach to the individual needs and preferences of the patient is key to achieving optimal results. Incorporating physical activity into a daily routine can be a sustainable, longterm solution to control low back pain and prevent its recurrence. Further research is needed to improve and expand existing knowledge enabling evidence-based examples of good practice to be available and applicable to different populations in different income settings. By promoting physical activity as a significant component of low back pain treatment, public awareness can be increased, healthier lifestyles can be encouraged, and overall health outcomes can be improved.