This paper explores the complex relationship between stress and women's reproductive health, with a particular focus on the impact of stress on fertility and the success of assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures. It also analyzes how stress, as a key factor, can affect reproductive functions and potentially lead to infertility. Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 or more months of regular unprotected intercourse and is considered to be a significant medical, psychosocial, and economic issue. This paper focuses on female infertility, which can be divided into primary and secondary types. The etiology of infertility includes a range of factors such as ovulation disorders, fallopian tube and uterine pathology, and genetic disorders. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of a reproductive age and is also one of the primary causes for female infertility. Stress is also emphasized as a factor that can affect fertility by negatively impacting hormonal balance and ovulation. Furthermore, infertility itself can be a significant source of stress, creating a vicious cycle where stress worsens infertility, and infertility causes additional stress. This reciprocity can have serious psychological and emotional consequences for couples trying to conceive. Additionally, the impact of stress on the outcomes of ART procedures, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) is also highlighted. The research reviewed in this paper shows that high levels of stress can reduce the success of IVF, while reducing stress may improve the chances of a successful outcome. In conclusion, this paper highlights the importance of a comprehensive approach to treating infertility, which includes not only medical treatments but also psychological support to reduce stress and increase the likelihood of a successful pregnancy.