Preinvasive cervical lesions are primarily neoplasms of the squamous epithelium that arise in the transformation zone of the cervix and can progress to invasive carcinoma. They represent an increasing global problem. The severity of the lesion is determined cytologically according to the Bethesda system or by the proportion of epithelium containing abnormal cells. They are classified as low-grade and high-grade intraepithelial lesions. In most young women, especially those under 25, these lesions often regress spontaneously, which is crucial when making treatment decisions. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main risk factor for the development of preinvasive lesions. Although the presence of HPV is necessary for the development of lesions, it is not sufficient on its own; other factors include immunodeficiency, vaginal dysbiosis, smoking, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, early sexual activity, multiple sexual partners, lower socioeconomic status and others. Primary prevention includes vaccination, which is mandatory in some countries, while secondary prevention involves screening methods such as Pap tests and HPV testing. The treatment of preinvasive lesions depends on various factors, including the patient's age, parity, lesion size and grade, and previous treatments. Low-grade lesions are not treated due to the high rate of spontaneous regression. Treatment can involve ablative methods such as cryosurgery and laser ablation, which are quick and have low morbidity but higher recurrence rates, and excisional methods such as LLETZ, laser conization, and cold knife conization. Excisional methods provide tissue for analysis. Among excisional methods, LLETZ offers simplicity and lower cost with the same complication rate. A hysterectomy is recommended for women who have completed childbearing and have a pathohistological diagnosis of AIS on a sample obtained through a diagnostic excisional procedure. It is also considered acceptable if a repeat diagnostic procedure is not feasible.