| Abstract | Uvod: Anemija je stanje s niskim brojem crvenih krvnih stanica ili hemoglobina, što smanjuje kapacitet krvi za prijenos kisika. Može biti uzrokovana smanjenom proizvodnjom eritrocita, povećanom razgradnjom ili gubitkom krvi, a simptomi uključuju umor i slabost. Dijagnoza se postavlja laboratorijskim testovima i kliničkim pregledom, a liječenje ovisi o uzroku, uključujući nadopunu nutrijenata, liječenje osnovnih bolesti ili upravljanje krvarenjem. Trombocitopenija je stanje koje se očituje smanjenim brojem trombocita, što može povećati rizik od krvarenja. Dijagnoza trombocitopenije uključuje krvne pretrage koje pokazuju nisku razinu trombocita, a uzrok može biti različit, uključujući poremećaje koštane srži, autoimune bolesti ili infekcije. Liječenje ovisi o uzroku i može uključivati lijekove za povećanje broja trombocita, transfuzije trombocita, ili terapije za liječenje osnovne bolesti.
Ciljevi istraživanja: Cilj ovog istraživanja je analizirati sve slučajeve anemije i trombocitopenije zaprimljene u hitnu internističku službu tijekom jednog tjedna, s fokusom na primjenu rutinskih dijagnostičkih metoda pri prijemu.
Ispitanici i metode: Istraživanje je obuhvatilo pacijente s anemijom ili trombocitopenijom koji su pristupili hitnoj internističkoj ambulanti Kliničke bolnice Merkur od 1. do 7. veljače 2024. Uključeni su muškarci s hemoglobinom ispod 130 g/L, žene s hemoglobinom ispod 120 g/L, i pacijenti oba spola s brojem trombocita ispod 150 x 109/L. Isključeni su pacijenti bez anemije ili trombocitopenije te oni s nepotpunom dokumentacijom. Istraživanje je provedeno uz odobrenje Etičkog povjerenstva. Podaci su prikupljeni iz medicinske dokumentacije i uključuju osnovne parametre i laboratorijske nalaze. Analiza je provedena korištenjem Microsoft Excel-a.
Rezultati: Od 224 pacijenata u hitnoj službi, 70 (31,7%) imalo je anemiju, češće kod žena (56,34%) nego kod muškaraca (43,66%). Prosječna starost bila je 71,25 godina za žene i 73,32 godine za muškarce. Najčešća vrsta anemije bila je normocitna (68,57%). Anemija je detaljno ispitana kod 25,71% pacijenata. Od 70 pacijenata s anemijom, 30 je hospitalizirano, a 7 je preminulo tijekom hospitalizacije (23,33%). Od 224 pacijenta, 26 (11,61%) je imalo trombocitopeniju, češće kod muškaraca (53,85%) nego kod žena (46,15%). Prosječna starost bila je 75 godina za žene i 68 godina za muškarce. Najčešće radne dijagnoze kod dolaska u hitnu službu uključivale su bolest jetre i tumorsku tvorbu. Od 26 pacijenata s trombocitopenijom, 5 je hospitalizirano, a 2 su preminula tijekom hospitalizacije(40%). Od ukupno 224 pacijenta, 8 (3,57%) je imalo i anemiju i trombocitopeniju.
Zaključak: Istraživanje pokazuje visoku prevalenciju anemije i značajnu stopu hospitalizacije i smrtnosti pacijenata s trombocitopenijom u hitnoj ambulanti Kliničke bolnice Merkur. Zbog širokog spektra simptoma i mogućih dijagnoza, pravilan i pravovremen pristup dijagnozi i liječenju ovih stanja je ključan za poboljšanje ishoda i kvalitete skrbi. Varijabilnost simptoma može otežati prepoznavanje i odgoditi početak liječenja. |
| Abstract (english) | Introduction: Anemia is a condition characterized by a low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin, reducing the blood's capacity to carry oxygen. It can be caused by decreased production of erythrocytes, increased breakdown, or blood loss, with symptoms including fatigue and weakness. Diagnosis is made through laboratory tests and clinical examination, with treatment depending on the cause, including nutrient supplementation, treatment of underlying diseases, or managing bleeding.Thrombocytopenia is a condition marked by a reduced number of platelets, which can increase the risk of bleeding. Diagnosis includes blood tests showing low platelet levels, and the cause may vary, including bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, or infections. Treatment depends on the cause and may involve medications to increase platelet counts, platelet transfusions, or therapies for the underlying condition.
Objectives: This study aims to analyze all cases of anemia and thrombocytopenia admitted to the emergency internal medicine department over one week, focusing on the use of routine diagnostic methods upon admission.
Subjects and Methods: The study included patients with anemia or thrombocytopenia who presented to the emergency internal medicine department at Klinička bolnica Merkur from February 1 to February 7, 2024. Men with hemoglobin levels below 130 g/L, women with hemoglobin below 120 g/L, and patients with platelet counts below 150 x 109/L were included. Patients without anemia or thrombocytopenia and those with incomplete documentation were excluded. The study was conducted with the approval of the Ethics Committee. Data were collected from medical records, including basic parameters and laboratory findings. Analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel.
Results: Out of 224 patients in the emergency department, 70 (31.7%) had anemia, more frequently in women (56.34%) than men (43.66%). The average age was 71.25 years for women and 73.32 years for men. The most common type of anemia was normocytic (68.57%). Anemia was thoroughly investigated in 25.71% of patients. Of the 70 patients with anemia, 30 were hospitalized, and 7 died (23.33%). Among 224 patients, 26 (11.61%) had thrombocytopenia, more common in men (53.85%) than women (46.15%). The average age was 75 years for women and 68 years for men. The most common causes included liver disease and tumor formation. Of the 26 patients with thrombocytopenia, 5 were hospitalized, and 2 died (40%). Of the total 224 patients, 8 (3.57%) had both anemia and thrombocytopenia.
Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of anemia and a significant rate of hospitalization and mortality in patients with thrombocytopenia in the emergency department at Clinical Hospital Merkur. Due to the wide range of symptoms and possible diagnoses, accurate and timely diagnosis and treatment of these conditions are crucial for improving outcomes and quality of care. The variability of symptoms may complicate recognition and delay the initiation of treatment. |
