Deep brain stimulation is an important neurosurgical method for treating various diseases. It has proven to be most effective in treating movement disorders, but it also plays a role in managing refractory epilepsy. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders, characterized by abnormal synchronized neuronal activity in the brain. Epilepsy can be classified etiologically into structural, genetic, infectious, metabolic, immune-related, and unknown causes. While the majority of epilepsy cases can be successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs, about one-third of patients do not respond adequately to medication, making them potential candidates for neurosurgical treatment. Deep brain stimulation for refractory epilepsy is currently a secondary method, as it does not achieve complete seizure freedom as expected in surgical practice. The most commonly targeted area for stimulation is the anterior thalamic nucleus, which has the most evidence supporting its safety and effectiveness in reducing seizure frequency. Other thalamic nuclei, such as the centromedian nucleus, as well as regions like the hippocampus, piriform cortex, medial septum and subthalamic nucleus, are also being investigated. It is important to note that epilepsy can significantly impair the quality of life for patients and further research is needed to optimize therapy and reduce side effects. With the continuous advancement of diagnostics and new technologies, improvements in the success of these procedures are expected.