The interaction between cerebrovascular diseases and Alzheimer’s disease represents a complex relationship where vascular damage in the brain can accelerate and worsen the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease. Cerebrovascular diseases reduce blood flow to the brain, which can lead to brain tissue damage and further impair cognitive functions. This damage exacerbates the effects of Alzheimer’s disease, which is already characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau proteins in the brain. The combination of these pathological processes results in faster dementia progression and more severe clinical outcomes for patients. Vascular factors such as hypertension and diabetes also contribute to the development of both diseases, highlighting the importance of their prevention and treatment. Controlling blood pressure and blood sugar levels can help slow the progression of Alzheimer’s disease, while treating cerebrovascular diseases can improve cognitive functions in affected individuals. Therapies aimed at improving cerebral perfusion also have a positive impact on cognition. However, many patients with a combination of these diseases face a poor prognosis and higher rates of disability. Therefore, early recognition and treatment of cerebrovascular risk factors are crucial for improving outcomes in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Finally, an integrated approach that includes the prevention and treatment of both diseases offers the best prospects for preserving cognitive functions and quality of life.