The specifics of the preoperative preparation of patients for colorectal surgery, modern methods of diagnosis, therapy and treatment are presented in this paper. Malignant colorectal diseases are the most common neoplasms of man. They cover 30% of all tumors of the digestive system. Colorectal cancer is a global, worldwide problem whose incidence increases with age. It is In the third place in frequency among all malignant neoplasm in the world, and in the second place in mortality.. There are many risk factors that affect the development and course of the disease. The most common are: familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP- eng. Familial adenomatous polyposis), hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC - eng.hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer), chronic active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). One of the risk factors is the poor fiber intake, smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity. Programs for early detection of colorectal cancer are of crucial importance in preventing and reducing morbidity and mortality. Modern way of treatment and care for patients can reduce relapses and many complications of disease, and increase the probability of healing and / or a better quality of life. Patients care requires increased efforts in all aspects of health care. The importance of a multidisciplinary health care team for better coordination and treatment decisions is highlighted. The paper further describes the preoperative plan of preparation and nursing intervention in the preparation of patients for colorectal surgery. Planning the health care of patients requires a holistic approach respecting the right to privacy and dignity.