Fertility preservation describes the treatments and procedures performed in medicine to preserve or protect an individual's future capacity to bear biological children. Most of the time it includes the process of storing oocytes, embryos, or reproductive tissue for later conception. Fertility preservation may be performed prior to fertility-altering treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, HER2 therapy and immunotherapy or to people who want to postpone having children for social reasons until a later age, when fertility may have declined. This comprehensive review explores the various reasons for fertility preservation and emphasizes the importance of considering fertility preservation options early. It covers fertility preservation technique types. The review discusses fertility preservation in the context of breast cancer, endometriosis, systemic lupus erythematosus and social freezing, offering valuable insights into this crucial aspect of reproductive health. It serves as a valuable resource in understanding the complex landscape of fertility preservation and its impact on family planning.