All that happens in the atmosphere and all the factors causing climatic change can have a direct and indirect impact on the human health. The consequences of climatic change can be felt in all the parts of the world and it is expected that these effects will intensify in the coming decades. Out of all the extreme meteorological events, the heat waves are the ones most connected with the population morbidity and also high mortality rate; they represent an important and global public health problem. The heat waves represent extended periods of extremely hot weather and high temperatures, associated with high humidity. These extreme heat events are characterised by elevated temperatures of above 38°C for several days, a stale and hot air mass and above average warm nights. The impact of heat waves on the human health can be direct and indirect. The direct impact of the weather manifests itself in meteorotropic diseases such as vascular diseases, asthma, rheumatism or skin cancer. The indirect effect of the weather on humans manifests itself in the transfer of contagious diseases, impact on food production, availability of potable water and on the infrastructure. In the past decade, the heat waves have caused increased mortality, especially in vulnerable groups. Therefore, preventive and fast-acting measures have been undertaken in order to mitigate any possible negative consequences for human health.