The aim of this review is to analyse current insights regarding the use of the amniotic membrane transplantation in patients with persistent corneal defects. This surgical method can be considered as one of the important developments in the ophthalmic surgery with the aim of promoting epithelisation, reducing pain and minimizing inflammation of the ocular surface. This review concentrates on persistent corneal defects as an indication for this surgical method, since they still present a challenge in the ophthalmology despite different therapeutic methods used to treat them. It consists of four chapters. Chapter One is the short introduction into thesis. Chapter Two has four Subchapters through which covers the normal healing of epithelial defects, definition, aetiology and pathogenesis of persistent corneal defects and standard and newer therapies that could be used. Chapter Three seeks to provide a simplified overview of the entire process of amniotic membrane transplantation, starting with amniotic membrane characteristics, through the tissue preparation, microbiological safety and surgical techniques to the indications for its use. Through the last two Subchapters focus is shifted to the efficacy and the limitations of the amniotic membrane transplantation presenting the results of scientific research aiming to evaluate the efficacy of this surgical method. Conclusions are drawn in Chapter Four, highlighting the need for further randomised controlled clinical studies.