Medication overuse headache (MOH) is one of the most common chronic headache diseases in the world, with a yearly prevalence of 1-2%. It is more common in females in their forties, of low education and of lower socioeconomic status. MOH develops as a result of the overuse of analgesics used in the treatment of acute attacks of headache. The overuse of medication leads to chronical headaches and to the increase of headache frequency, up to 15 or more days per month. MOH patients are usually presented with sudden worsening of headaches with change in the pattern of headaches and with an increase in frequency. All analgesics can cause MOH, but mostly it is caused by the analgesics containing codeine or caffetine purchased without prescription, and, in high developed countries, with triptans. Treatment of choice is a withdrawal of overused medication. In most patients, this treatment results in regress of the previous pattern of headaches. In this study I am going to present the concise review of epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of MOH. Since this area is still insufficiently researched and there is no satisfactory amount of reliable clinical studies, the experts are divided on the issue of development of MOHs pathogenesis and the best therapeutic approach to the patient. In this study I shall present the latest findings related to MOH as well as the guidelines that are used in daily practice.