Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the world. It is the most common malignant disease in the Republic of Croatia among men and third most common among women. Lung cancer therapy evolved slowly until the last decade, when advances in molecular science and genetics led to the discovery of driver mutations and the development of target drugs to inhibit those mutations. Target therapy of lung adenocarcinoma became the standard of care for patients harbouring EGFR and ALK mutations. Lung adenocarcinoma patients are routinely screened for EGFR and ALK mutations and treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors like erlotinib, gefitinib and crizotinib which increased the survival and provided better quality of life for those patients. Unfortunately, resistance to these drugs is becoming a bigger issue and the development of new target drugs to overcome it is a priority. Driver mutations in small cell lung cancer and squamous cell lung cancer are being studied intensively, but no effective target drugs have been developed yet. However, several promising potentialy druggable mutations have been discovered in preclinical and clinical studies. In this review, we will address the current status of clinically relevant driver mutations, drugs that are currently being used in lung cancer target therapy and their development through recent years, studies that have proven their effectiveness and potential driver mutations that could be the target for future drug development.