There are more than 600 neurologic diseases of which hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected. Manifestations of neurological disease may include motor and sensory deficits, but autonomic dysfunction also may be present. Ageing of population has significant contribution as one of the major risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. The patients with neurodegenerative as well as other neurological diseases presented the population with possible great need either of big or small surgical intervention. There are several important issues in patients with neurological diseases: the nature, disease duration, therapy, the patients abilitiy to live without assistance. Neurological disease may become worst by general and regional anesthesia. Regional anesthesia may be used in patients with certain neurological diseases, but in others it may exacerbate their disease or be contraindicated. These patients may exhibit an atypical response to nondepolarizing and depolarizing muscular blockers. Stopping therapy may lead to worsening. One of the main common threat is the risk of significant cardiorespiratory complications. It is of great importance in assessing operational risk, preoperative preparation as well as for postoperative recovery and outcome of surgical treatment. Besides the effect of the anesthetic technique upon the course of the disease, there is also the interaction of drugs administered during anesthesia and patient medication. Several undiagnosed diseaases may be disclosed following a anesthetic and surgical intervention.