Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a disease characterized by progressive and permanent decrease in functioning of the kidneys. The most common diseases which in more developed countries cause CKD are diabetes, arterial hypertension (AH) and glomerulonephritis. Considering the fact that diabetes and AH are the most common causes of CKD, with the increase of their frequency, there is consequently the increase in the incidence of CKD as well. Sustained increase in systolic (≥ 140 mmHg), diastolic (≥ 90 mmHg) or both blood pressures (BP) at rest is defined as AH. In 90-95% of the cases we are dealing with primary AH, the cause of which is unknown. Secondary AH is known as AH of a known cause, and one of the most common causes is CKD. It is important to emphasize that AH can be the cause, but also the consequence of CKD. Therefore, it is very important to promptly diagnose and treat CKD as well as AH. Recent studies have shown that BP decrease has a protective effect on the kidney and slows down the progression of CKD. In addition to the antihypertensive therapy, we should not forget the important role of non-pharmacological measures such as weight loss, reduced salt intake and smoking cessation.