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master's thesis
Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka
Zagreb: University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 2016. urn:nbn:hr:105:454396
Tupek, Tvrtko
University of Zagreb
School of Medicine
Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy

Institutional repository: Dr Med - University of Zagreb School of Medicine Digital Repository

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Tupek, T. (2016). Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka (Master's thesis). Zagreb: University of Zagreb, School of Medicine. Retrieved from https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

Tupek, Tvrtko. "Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka." Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 2016. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

Tupek, Tvrtko. "Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka." Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, 2016. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

Tupek, T. (2016). 'Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka', Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, accessed 23 December 2024, https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

Tupek T. Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka [Master's thesis]. Zagreb: University of Zagreb, School of Medicine; 2016 [cited 2024 December 23] Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

T. Tupek, "Morfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka", Master's thesis, University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Zagreb, 2016. Available at: https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:105:454396

Metadata
TitleMorfološka i funkcionalna svojstva piramidnih neurona neokorteksa čovjeka
Title (english)Morphological and functional characteristics of pyramidal neurons of the human neocortex
AuthorTvrtko Tupek
MentorZdravko Petanjek (mentor)
Committee memberNataša Jovanov Milošević (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee memberSanja Darmopil (član povjerenstva)
Committee memberZdravko Petanjek (član povjerenstva)
GranterUniversity of Zagreb
School of Medicine
(Department of Anatomy and Clinical Anatomy)
Zagreb
Defense date and country2016-07-15, Croatia
Scientific / art field,
discipline and subdiscipline		BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE
Basic Medical Sciences
Anatomy
Abstract
Piramidni neuroni najzastupljeniji su neuroni moždane kore čovjeka. Njihov udio iznosi 70% do 85%, dok ostalih 15% do 30% čine tzv. nepiramidni interneuroni. Obzirom na morfologiju dendritičkog stabla piramidne neurone dijelimo na tipične i atipične (modificirane). Tipičan piramidni neuron ima tijelo u obliku stošca s jednim debelim dendritom koji je usmjeren okomito na površinu i razgranjuje se u prvom sloju moždane kore, nekoliko dendrita koji polaze s baze i usmjereni su prema bijeloj tvari, dendrite prekrivene trnovima, duge aksone koji ulaze u bijelu tvar kao asocijacijska, komisuralna ili projekcijska vlakna. Piramidni neuroni su ekscitacijski i sintetiziraju glutamat kao neurotransmitor. Modificirani piramidni neuroni su populacija koja odstupa u nekom od morfoloških svojstava od tipičnih oblika, ali sintetizira glutamat kao neurotransmitor i prekrivena je dendritičkim trnovima. Piramidni neuroni šalju akson u druge dijelove moždane kore, te druge ekstrakortikalne dijelove središnjeg živčanog sustava. Na njima završava većina aksona koji dolaze iz drugih kortikalnih područja, talamusa i susjednih piramida putem intrakortikalnih aksonskih kolaterala. Stoga se oni definiraju i kao glavna populacija („principal cells“). Piramidni neuroni posjeduju iznimno svojstvo plastičnosti koje je ključno u procesima učenja i pamćenja, poglavito na dendritičkim trnovima. Promjene morfoloških i funkcionalnih svojstava opisane su u brojnim neurološkim i psihijatrijskim poremećajima.
Abstract (english)
Pyramidal neurons are the most common neuron type in the cerebral cortex. They form the majority of neurons with ratio between 70% and 85%, while the remaining 15 to 30% are so-called nonpyramidal neurons. Based on their morphological features, pyramidal neurons are classified into two groups: typical and atypical (modified). Typical pyramidal neurons have conical cell body with prominent apical dendrite perpendicular to surface branching in the cortical layer I, several dendrites arising from base and oriented towards to the adjacent white matter, dendrites covered by spines, and finally, long axons that form association, commissural or projection fibers. Pyramidal neurons are excitatory and synthetize glutamate as neurotransmitter. Modified pyramidal neurons are populations that do not show all typical morphological features but synthetize glutamate and are covered with spines. Since cortical, thalamic and local excitatory afferents target mainly pyramidal cells and all efferent cortical pathways originate from pyramidal neurons they are considered as principal cortical cells. These neurons possess a remarkable ability to change their morphology and physiological properties that is called plasticity with the key role in processes of learning and memory. This feature is mainly the property of dendritic spines. Changes in morphological and functional properties of pyramidal neurons are described in many neurological and psychiatric disturbances.
Keywords
Keywords (english)
Languagecroatian
URN:NBNurn:nbn:hr:105:454396
Study programmeTitle: Medicine
Study programme type: university
Study level: integrated undergraduate and graduate
Academic / professional title: doktor/doktorica medicine (doktor/doktorica medicine)
Type of resourceText
File originBorn digital
Access conditionsOpen access
Terms of useLicence In copyright icon
Created on2017-08-11 09:20:23