Dance is a performance art form in which a dancer uses her/his body as an instrument. The dancer as an artist must meet the aesthetic and physical requirements of her/his profession, and therefore we must look at this professional group as artists and as athletes. Occupational and sports medicine has to be aware that dance as a profession carries certain risks that can be mitigated by timely prevention and education. Due to the fact that a large number of dance styles prefer a low body mass index and a low percentage of body fat as an advantage in performance, dancers are at greater risk of developing eating disorders leading to a Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome in Sports (RED-S) (previously called athlete triad) that includes disorders of many physiological functions including metabolic disorders, immune, reproductive and cardiovascular system disorders, bone density and protein synthesis disorders and mental health impairment. Long-term energy deficit and/or high mental or physical stress lead to various menstrual cycle disorders, most commonly the functional hypothalamic amenorrhea. Long-term oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea reduce the level of estrogen in the body, leading to reduced bone density and greater risk of stress fractures. Because of the above-mentioned risk factors related to the profession itself and the shortness of working life, professional dancers, especially female dancers, are often unable to fully achieve their reproductive potential. In order to protect professional dancers from the development and consequences of the Relative Energy Deficiency Syndrome and to protect their reproductive health, it is necessary to develop appropriate primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies.