Alcoholism is a chronic and progressive disease that results in fatal outcomes without treatment. Today, there are two major classifications of mental disorders: mental disorders and behavioral disorders within the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (MKB-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). Alcohol abuse is defined by behavioral and physical symptoms that may include craving, tolerance, and susceptibility syndrome. The consequences of drinking alcohol can be manifested in any organ system. Excessive drinking of alcohol is associated with psychological consequences and has severe impacts on the social life of an individual. It is recommended all patients in primary health care be examined for possible unhealthy alcohol consumption. Diagnosis is based on a comprehensive assessment, including anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory tests. The goal of treating alcoholism is abstinence, which remains the primary focus of therapy. The treatment of alcohol dependence in the 21st century has the potential to add pharmacotherapy to traditional treatments. Psychosocial therapy may reduce the consumption of alcoholic beverages and prolong the abstinence whether used alone or rather in combination with pharmacotherapy. Without a pharmacological addition to psychosocial therapy, the clinical outcome is poor. Alcoholism is a chronic disease and therefore requires constant caution of the patient and those around them, as well as repeated interventions. Primary care is an important entry point for all patients suffering from chronic conditions. Family medicine specialists are best positioned to address substance and addiction disorders in a comprehensive manner. Countries that work to reduce the harmful use of alcohol within the European Action Plan for the Reduction of Harmful Use of Alcohol 2012-2020 will have significant gains in terms of better health and well-being of the population.