Introduction: Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) is a group of clonal haematopoietic disorders that are manifested by one or more cytopenia and have a tendency to transform into acute myeloid leukaemia. Cytogenetic analysis has a significant role in stratifying these patients in different risk groups regarding the outcome of the disease. ----- Research goals: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic significance of MDS in a retrospective group of patients treated in the period from 1.11. 2014 to 1.4. 2017 in one institution. ----- Methods: The history of illness of the patients with newly diagnosed MDS in the Merkur University Hospital in Zagreb was retrospectively analysed. The main inclusion criteria was the existence of a cytogenetic analysis. ----- Results: The study included a total of 30 patients, the median of age was 68.4 years. The median survival rate of these patients was 13 months with two-year survival rate of 24%. There was no statistically significant correlation between the survival rate and cytogenetic analysis based on the IPSS and the IPSS-R prognostic index, probably due to the small number of subjects in this group. As a secondary objective, the relationship between subtype diagnosis according to the World Health Organization classification and the number of blasts in the aspiration of the bone marrow was analysed. In patients with MDS RAEB I and RAEB II, a static tendency for poorer survival rate (p = 0.066) with a clear separation of curves became apparent. As for the patients with the blasts in their bone marrow, those which had less than 2% of blasts had better outcomes with a tendency towards statistical significance (p = 0.06). ----- Conclusion: In this study, most likely due to the small number of patients, no correlation of total survival rate with the finding of the cytogenetic analysis has been demonstrated, but this does not negate the significance of this diagnostic method for MDS since the original and validation studies were conducted on a much larger number of subjects. Furthermore, median survival rate in our group is somewhat lower than other studies, which may be explained by the unavailability of certain drugs for this population. The most important finding of this study is that only 30 patients are involved in it, which indicates that in daily practice this disease remains diagnostically neglected.