The term addiction is tightly connected with the pathological use of psychoactive substances, but the advancement of neuroscientific researches in the last decades has changed our understanding of this particular area. It became obvious how different behaviors, which repeatedly enhance the system of reward and motivation, were also a part of this disease. The American Psychiatric Association recognized the phenomenon of behavioral addictions, which can be noticed in several segments in the new edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders. There is a lot of evidence of overlapping between substance use disorders and behavioral addictions including the comorbidity, course of the disease (chronic relapse), genetic and neurobiological base, symptomatology (craving, intoxication, withdrawal syndrome), tolerance development and the possibilities of treatment. The area of behavioral addictions is the theme of many debates. The critics think how including of the behavioral addictions in diagnostic manuals can lead to “medicalization” of vile behaviors and blurring of the thin line dividing vile behavior and true dependence. On the other hand do we pathologize versions of normal behavior by doing so? The aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the most common behavioral addictions in the context of the new millennium.